\r空青\ph4.bmp\r，生益州山谷及越 山有铜处，铜精熏则生空青。今信州亦时有之，
状若杨梅，故别名杨梅青。其腹中空，破之有浆者绝难得。亦有大者如鸡子，小者如豆子，
三月中旬采，亦无时。古方虽稀用，而今治眼翳障为最要之物。又曾青所出与此同山，疗体
颇相似，而色理亦无异，但其形累累如连珠相缀，今极难得。又有白青，出豫章山谷，亦似
空青，圆如铁珠，色白而腹不空，亦谓之碧青，以其研之色碧也。亦谓之鱼目青，以其形似
鱼目也。无空青时，亦可用，今不复见之。
\r绿青\ph6.bmp\r，今谓之石绿，旧不着所出州土。但云生山之阴穴中。《本经》次空
青条上云∶生益州山谷及越 山有铜处，此物当是生其山之阴耳。今出韶州、信州。其色青
白，即画工用画绿色者，极有大块，其中青白花文可爱。信州人用琢为腰带环及妇人服饰。
其入药者，当用颗块如乳香不挟石者佳。今医家多用吐风痰。其法拣取上色精好者，先捣下
筛，更用水飞过至细，乃再研治之。如风痰眩闷，取二、三钱匕，同生龙脑三、四豆许研匀，
以生薄荷汁合酒温调服，使偃卧，须臾，涎自口角流出乃愈。不呕吐，其功速于它药，今人
用之，比比皆效，故以其法附之云。又下条云∶扁青生朱崖山谷及武都朱提。苏恭云∶即绿
青是也。海南来者，形块大如拳，其色又青，腹中亦时有空者，今未见此色。武昌、简州、
梓州亦有，今亦不用。
Kongqing (Hollow Azure Mineral), grows in the valleys of Yizhou and on the Copper Mountains of Yue, formed by the vaporization of copper essence. It is occasionally produced in Xinzhou now. Its shape resembles a bayberry, hence the alternative name Yangmei Qing (Bayberry Azure). The interior is hollow; those that contain liquid when broken are extremely rare. Sizes range from as large as a chicken egg to as small as a bean. It is harvested around mid-March, though timing is not fixed. Although rarely used in ancient prescriptions, it is currently considered the most important substance for treating eye nebulae and opacities. Zengqing (Azure Mineral) originates from the same mountains, has similar therapeutic properties, and indistinguishable color and texture, but its form consists of clusters linked like pearls, making it extremely difficult to obtain nowadays. There is also Baiqing (White Azure), found in the valleys of Yuzhang. It resembles Kongqing, being round like an iron bead, white in color, with a solid interior. It is also called Biqing (Jade Azure) because it turns green when ground, or Yum Qing (Fish Eye Azure) due to its resemblance to fish eyes. It can be used when Kongqing is unavailable, but it is no longer seen today.
Zengqing (Azure Mineral): See notes under the entry for Kongqing.
Lüqing (Green Malachite), now known as Shilü (Stone Green). Ancient texts do not specify its origin province. It is merely stated to grow in caves on the shady side of mountains. *Shennong Bencao Jing* lists it above Kongqing, stating it grows in Yizhou valleys and Copper Mountains of Yue; thus, this substance likely grows on the north-facing slopes of those mountains. It is currently produced in Shaozhou and Xinzhou. Its color is cyan-white; it is the pigment used by painters for green hues. Large blocks exist, featuring attractive cyan-white patterns. People in Xinzhou carve it into belt rings and women's ornaments. For medicinal use, lumps resembling frankincense without stone impurities are preferred. Physicians currently use it primarily to induce vomiting of wind-phlegm. The method involves selecting high-quality material, grinding and sieving it, then using water levigation (shui fei) to grind it to extreme fineness, followed by further processing. For dizziness and oppression caused by wind-phlegm, take 2-3 qianbi (approx. 6-9 grams), mix with 3-4 grains of raw Borneolum Syntheticum (Longnao), grind uniformly, and administer warm with fresh Menthae Haplocalycis Juice (Bohe Jiang) mixed with wine. The patient should lie down; after a short while, saliva will flow from the corners of the mouth, indicating recovery. It induces vomiting less frequently than other emetics and acts faster. Current usage shows frequent efficacy, so this method is appended here. Another entry states: Bianqing (Flat Azure) grows in the valleys of Zhuya and Zhuti in Wudu. Su Gong states: This is Lüqing. Those imported from Hainan are block-shaped, fist-sized, cyan-colored, sometimes hollow inside; this specific variety/color is not seen today. It is also found in Wuchang, Jianzhou, and Zizhou, but is no longer used.