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Bauhinia (Zijing), the place of origin is not recorded in old texts, but it is now found everywhere, often planted in courtyards. The tree resembles *Vitex negundo* (Huangjing), with small leaves lacking branches, and deep purple flowers that are quite lovely; some say it is the "Jing" associated with the Tian family. In autumn, the fruits mature like small pearls, named Zizhu. It is particularly abundant in the forests and marshes of Jiangdong.

Uncaria rhynchophylla (Diaoteng), its place of origin is not recorded in the *Shennong Bencao Jing*. Su Gong stated it originates from Liangzhou, and it is also produced in Xingyuan Prefecture today. It has fine leaves and long stems, with thorns at the nodes resembling fishing hooks. It is harvested in March; the character is sometimes written as "Diao". Ge Hong frequently used this herb in prescriptions for pediatric diseases. For "Chi Tang" (Red Decoction) used to treat sudden onset epilepsy, Uncaria rhynchophylla (*Gou Teng*, 钩藤) and prepared Licorice Root (*Zhi Gancao*, 炙甘草), each two fen, are boiled in five he of water until two he remain. The dosage is one pill-sized amount (like a small date), taken five times during the day and three times at night, which is highly effective. Additionally, in the *Guangji Fang* and Cui's formulas for various pediatric decoctions treating convulsive epilepsy, the bark of Uncaria rhynchophylla (*Goutengpi*, 钩藤皮) is used.

Cissampelos pareira (Nanteng), also known as *Dinggong Teng* (Dinggong Vine). It grows in the valleys of Mount Nan and is currently produced in Quanzhou and Rongzhou. It climbs on southern trees, hence the name Nanteng. The seedling resembles a horse whip, with nodes that are purple-brown, and leaves similar to apricot leaves but pointed. It can be harvested at any time. Below this entry is Qianjinteng, described as having roots as thick as a finger and black as lacquer when grown in northern regions, and yellow-red like *Asari Radix et Rhizoma* (Xixin, 细辛) when grown in southern regions. There is also Tengzi, growing in the forests of southern Guangxi, with wood resembling *Akebiae Caulis* (Tongcao Teng, 通草藤), maturing after three years, dark purple-black, also known as Xiangdou. It is rarely used by physicians today, so it is merely appended to its category.

Qianjinteng: See details under the Nanteng entry.

Tengzi: See details under the Nanteng entry.

Gleditsia sinensis (Zaojia), originally from the valleys of Yongzhou and Zou County in Lu, is now available everywhere, with those from Huai and Meng prefectures being superior. The trees can grow extremely tall and large. There are three types: The *Shennong Bencao Jing* states that those shaped like pig teeth are good. Tao Hongjing noted that those one chi long are good. The Tang commentary states that those six cun long, round and thick, with short, straight nodes, thin skin, thick flesh, and strong flavor are best. Currently, physicians use long Gleditsia sinensis pods (*Chang Zaojia*, 长皂荚) for making wind-dispersing pills and decoctions, and pig-tooth Gleditsia sinensis pods (*Zhuya Zaojia*, 猪牙皂荚) for dental treatments and removing accumulations. Although uses differ, their nature and flavor are generally similar. The pods are harvested in September and October and dried in the shade. Zhang Zhongjing’s formula for miscellaneous diseases: For cough with qi rebellion, turbid sputum, inability to lie flat, use Zaojia Wan (Soap Pod Pill). One part powdered Soap Pod (*Zaojia Mò*, 皂荚末) is mixed with honey to form pills the size of a wu zi (ciboule seed), taken with jujube paste and warm water, one pill three times a day and once at night. Cui Yuanliang’s *Haishang Fang*: For treating abdominal distension leading to emaciation, select continuous Gleditsia sinensis pods measuring one chi in length, roast lightly over fire to remove skin and seeds, grind and sieve, mix with honey to form pills the size of a wu zi. Before taking the medicine, eat two pieces of boiled mutton and sip the broth two or three times, then take ten pills with the meat broth, stopping when bowel movement becomes loose. If the effect feels too strong, continue; stop when clear water is discharged. For one month after recovery, avoid meat and greasy foods. To treat heat-lao (deficiency-heat exhaustion), use a continuous one-chi-long pod, preferably without holes and solid, coat lightly with one da liang of earth butter (*Tusu*, 土酥), slow-roast over fire ensuring the butter does not drip, until absorbed, then grind, sieve, and mix with honey into wu zi-sized pills. Take fifteen pills daily on an empty stomach with warm water, gradually increasing to twenty pills. Severe cases resolve within two courses. The fresh young leaves and buds can be eaten as vegetables and are beneficial. The white flesh inside the seed is also used in lung-treating medicines. Roasted seeds, chewing the yellow heart inside, treats phlegm in the diaphragm and acid regurgitation. Boiling young thorns in rice vinegar to make a concentrated decoction applied externally has miraculous effects for sores and tinea.