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Cao Sanleng (Samolus valerandi), its detailed description is found under the entry for Jing Sanleng (Bupleuri Radix).

Asafoetida (Ferulae Resina), originates from Xifan and Kunlun regions, and is currently only available in Guangzhou. Old theories state that its seedlings, leaves, and roots closely resemble Bai Zhi (Angelicae Dahuricae Radix). The best quality is obtained by crushing the roots to extract juice, which is then sun-dried and boiled into cakes; a secondary quality is obtained by cutting the roots, piercing them, and drying them in the sun. It is said that the Asafoetida produced in Guangzhou today is formed by the dripping and fermentation of tree resin. These two explanations differ. According to Duan Chengshi's *Youyang Zazu*: The Asafoetida tree grows in Persia and is called Ayumu, standing eight or nine chi tall, with greenish-yellow bark; it produces leaves in March resembling mouse ears, without flowers or fruits; when branches are broken, sap flows out like malt sugar, hardening over time into what is named Asafoetida. Some say it is made by mixing this sap with rice and bean bran to ferment, which is close to the Asafoetida presented in Guangzhou today.

Aloe (Aloes Folium), originates from Persia, and is currently only imported via Guangzhou. Its trees grow in mountains and wild areas, forming through the dripping of resinous tears. They can be harvested at any time of the year. Commonly known as "Elephant Gall" (Xiang Dan) due to its bitter taste. Aloe treats damp itching where scratching yields yellow fluid. Liu Yuxi recorded his prescription: In my youth, I suffered from tinea capitis/corporis, initially on the neck, later spreading to the left ear, becoming a damp sore. Using various drugs such as Mylabris (Ban Mao), Dog Gallbladder (Gou Dan), and Peach Root (Tao Gen) merely caused stinging pain, worsening the soreness. While in Chuzhou, a medicine seller taught me to use one liang of Aloe, ground into powder, and half a liang of roasted Licorice Root (Zhi Gan Cao), also ground into powder. Mix them evenly. First wash the tinea area with warm fermented grain water, then dry with an old dry cloth. Apply the mixed powders topically. It dries immediately and heals miraculously. It also treats dental caries (Qu Chi). Cui Yuanliang's *Haishang Fang* states: Take four fen of Aloe, pound into powder. First clean teeth thoroughly with salt, then apply a small amount of the powder topically. Excellent effect.

Sha Ren (Amomi Fructus Rotundus), originates from southern regions, and is currently only found in the mountainous and marshy areas of Lingnan. Its seedlings and stems resemble Gao Liang Jiang (Alpiniae Officinarum Rhizoma), growing three to four chi high; leaves are green, eight to nine cun long, and about half a cun wide; flowers bloom at the root base in March and April; fruits mature in May and June, with 50 to 70 fruits per spike, resembling Yi Zhi Ren (Alpiniae Oxyphyllae Fructus), with tight, thick, wrinkled skin like chestnut patterns, covered with spines, yellow-red in color. Inside the skin is a cluster of fine seeds, about forty grains per unit, sized like millet, slightly black, harvested in July and August.