平，补，助阳
甘寒。助阳气，起阴痿，补虚劳，壮筋骨，明目充肌（时珍曰∶《别录》、《大明》皆
云楮实大补益，而《修真秘书》又云久服令人骨痿，《济生秘览》治骨哽用楮实煎汤，岂非
软骨之征乎？《本草发明》甚言其功，而云今补药中罕用，惜未之察耳）。
取子浸去浮者，酒蒸用。
楮皮善行水。治水肿气满（皮可为纸。楮汁和白芨飞面，调糊接纸，永不解脱）。
泻肺，行水，十剂作燥，以其行水也
甘辛而寒。泻肺火（罗谦甫曰∶是泻肺中火邪，非泻肺气也。火与元气不两立，火去则
气得安矣，故《本经》又云益气。东垣曰∶甘，固元气之不足而补虚。辛，泻肺气之有余而
止嗽。然性不纯良，不宜多用。钱乙泻白散，桑皮、地骨各一两，甘草五钱，每服二钱，入
粳米百粒煎。时珍曰∶桑皮、地骨，皆能泻火从小便出。甘草泻火缓中，粳米清肺养血，乃
泻肺诸方之准绳也。一妇，鼻久不闻香臭，后因他疾，缪仲醇为处方，每服桑皮至七八钱，
服久而鼻塞忽通），利二便，散瘀血，下气行水，止嗽清痰（《发明》曰∶肺中有水，则生痰
而作嗽，除水气，正所以泻火邪，实则泻其子也。火退气宁，则补益在其中矣。《十剂》曰
∶燥可去湿，桑白皮、赤小豆之类是也）。
治肺热喘满，唾血热渴，水肿胪胀。肺气虚及风寒作嗽者慎用。为线可缝金疮。
刮去外皮，取白用（如恐其泻气，用蜜炙之）。续断，桂心为使。忌铁。
桑乃箕星之精。其木利关节，养津液，行水（《录验》方∶枝皮细 ，酿酒服良）祛风
（桑枝一升，细锉，炒香，水三升，熬至二升，一日服尽，名桑枝煎，治风气、香港脚、口渴）
。其火拔引毒瓦斯，祛风寒湿痹（凡痈疽不起，瘀肉不腐，瘰 、流注、 顽、恶疮不愈，用
桑木片扎成小把，燃火，吹息，灸患处。内服补托药良）。煎补药，熬诸膏，宜用桑柴，内
亦宜桑枝搅。
桑椹甘凉。色黑入肾而补水。利五脏关节，安魂镇神，聪耳明目。生津止渴（炼膏，治
服金石药热渴），利水消肿，解酒乌髭。晒干为末，蜜丸良。取极熟者，沪汁熬膏，入蜜炼
稠，点汤和酒并妙。入烧酒经年愈佳（每日汤点服，亦治瘰 ，名文武膏，以椹名文武实也）
。
桑叶甘寒。手、足阳明（大肠、胃）之药，凉血（刀斧伤者，为末干贴之妙）燥湿，去
风明目（采经霜者，煎汤洗眼，去风泪。洗手足，去风痹。桑叶、黑芝麻等分，蜜丸，名扶
桑丸，除湿去风，乌须明目。以五月五日，六月六日，立冬日，采者佳。一老人年八十四，
夜能细书，询之云得一奇方，每年九月二十三日，桑叶洗目一次，永绝昏暗）。末服止盗汗
（严州有僧，每就枕，汗出遍身，比旦，衣被皆透，二十年不能疗。监寺教采带露桑叶，焙
干为末，空心米饮下二钱，数日而愈），代茶止消渴。
[Eucommia Fruit / Broussonetia Papyrifera Fruit]
Nature: Neutral. Action: Tonifying, assisting Yang.
Flavor: Sweet, Cold. It assists Yang Qi, treats impotence (Yin Wei), tonifies deficiency and勞 (Lao - consumptive disease), strengthens sinews and bones, brightens the eyes, and plumps the muscles. (Li Shizhen said: *Ben Cao Jing Jiu Yi* (Divine Farmer's Materia Medica) and *Da Ming Ben Cao* both state that Broussonetia fruit is highly beneficial, yet *Xiu Zhen Mi Shu* claims long-term use causes bone atrophy. *Ji Sheng Mi Lan* records using Broussonetia decoction to treat fishbone stuck in the throat; does this not indicate it softens bones? *Ben Cao Fa Ming* praises its efficacy greatly but notes it is rarely used in modern tonics, which is a pity for not observing carefully.)
Preparation: Take the seeds, soak them, discard those that float, steam with wine, and use.
[Bark of Mulberry Tree / Sang Bai Pi]
The bark of Broussonetia papyrifera excels at promoting water metabolism. It treats edema and abdominal distension due to Qi stagnation (The bark can be made into paper. Broussonetia juice mixed with Bletilla striata (Baiji) and sifted flour creates a paste for joining paper that never separates).
Action: Draining Lung Fire, promoting water metabolism. In the "Ten Categories" (Shi Ji), it belongs to the Drying category because it promotes water flow.
Flavor: Sweet, Acrid, Cold. Drains Lung Fire (Luo Qianfu said: This drains Fire pathogenic factors from the Lung, not Lung Qi. Fire and Original Qi cannot coexist; when Fire is removed, Qi becomes tranquil. Thus, *Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing* also states it benefits Qi. Li Dongyuan said: Sweet flavor secures insufficiency of Original Qi and tonifies deficiency. Acrid flavor drains excess Lung Qi and stops cough. However, its nature is not purely benign and should not be used excessively. Qian Yi's Xie Bai San uses Sang Bai Pi and Gu Pi each 1 liang, Gan Cao 5 qian, taken 2 qian per dose, boiled with 100 grains of Oryza sativa (Jingmi). Li Shizhen said: Both Sang Bai Pi and Gu Pi drain Fire via urination. Gan Cao drains Fire and moderates the middle, while Jingmi clears the Lung and nourishes Blood; these are the standards for formulas draining the Lung. A woman had lost her sense of smell for a long time. Later, due to another illness, Miao Zhongchun prescribed a formula where she took up to 7-8 qian of Sang Bai Pi per dose. After long-term use, her nasal congestion suddenly cleared.), unblocks the two excretions (urination and defecation), disperses blood stasis, descends Qi, promotes water metabolism, stops cough, and clears phlegm (*Ben Cao Fa Ming* says: When there is water-dampness in the Lung, phlegm is generated causing cough. Removing dampness is precisely draining Fire pathogenic factors, following the principle of "draining the son when the mother is excess." When Fire recedes and Qi calms, tonification is inherent within. *Shi Ji* says: Dryness can remove dampness; examples include Sang Bai Pi and Adzuki beans.).
Indications: Treats Lung heat causing wheezing and fullness, hemoptysis, thirst due to heat, edema, and abdominal distension. Use with caution in cases of Lung Qi deficiency and cough caused by Wind-Cold. Can be made into thread to suture metal wounds.
Preparation: Scrape off the outer bark and use the white inner part (If concerned about draining Qi, honey-fry it). Xu Duan and Rou Gui act as guiding herbs. Avoid iron.
[Mulberry Tree / Sang]
The Mulberry tree is the essence of the Ji Star. Its wood benefits joints, nourishes body fluids, and promotes water metabolism (*Lu Yan Fang*: Fine-cut branch bark brewed into wine is effective) and dispels Wind (One sheng of Sang Zhi, finely chopped and fried until fragrant, boiled in three sheng of water until reduced to two sheng, consumed in one day, named Sang Zhi Jian, treats Wind pathogens, Hong Kong foot [podagra/gout], and thirst). Its charcoal fire draws out toxic vapors and dispels Bi syndrome caused by Wind-Cold-Dampness (For any abscesses that do not suppurate, necrotic flesh that does not rot, scrofula, flowing abscesses, stubborn tinea, or malignant ulcers that do not heal, bundle small pieces of mulberry wood, ignite, blow out the flame, and moxa the affected area. Internal administration of tonifying and expelling drugs is beneficial.) For decocting tonics and boiling various ointments, mulberry wood fire is preferred, and stirring should be done with mulberry branches.
[Mulberry Fruit / Sang Shen]
Flavor: Sweet, Cool. Black color enters the Kidney to nourish Water. Benefits the joints of the five Zang organs, calms the soul and stabilizes the spirit, sharpens hearing and vision. Generates fluids and stops thirst (Refined into paste, treats thirst due to heat from ingesting mineral drugs), promotes water metabolism and reduces swelling, resolves alcohol intoxication, and darkens beard hair. Sun-dried and powdered, formed into pills with honey is good. Take fully ripe fruits, extract juice, boil into paste, add honey and refine until thick; mixing with water or wine is excellent. Stored in strong liquor for a year is even better (Taken daily with warm water, it also treats scrofula, named Wen Wu Gao, because the fruit is called Wen Wu Shi).
[Mulberry Leaf / Sang Ye]
Flavor: Sweet, Cold. Meridian tropism: Hand-Yangming (Large Intestine), Foot-Yangming (Stomach). Cools Blood (For cuts from knives or axes, applying dry powder is excellent) dries dampness, dispels Wind, and brightens the eyes (Harvest leaves after frost, decoct and wash eyes to remove Wind-tearing. Wash hands and feet to remove Wind-Bi. Equal parts Sang Ye and Sesamum indicum (Hei Zhima), honey-pilled, named Fu Sang Wan, removes dampness and Wind, darkens mustache/hair, and brightens eyes. Best harvested on May 5th, June 6th, and Start of Winter. An 84-year-old man could read fine print at night; he claimed to have obtained a miraculous prescription: washing eyes with Sang Ye once a year on September 23rd permanently eliminates dimness). Powdered oral administration stops nocturnal sweating (A monk in Yanzhou sweated all over upon lying down, soaking clothes and bedding by morning, untreated for 20 years. The temple supervisor taught him to collect dew-covered Sang Ye, bake dry, powder, and take 2 qian with rice water on an empty stomach; cured in a few days). Substitute for tea to stop Xiao Ke (wasting-thirst syndrome).