通，行水
辛苦微寒。消痰退热，止嗽杀虫，利大、小肠。治大腹水肿，益丈夫阴气。
生平泽，叶园黄绿，颇类猫睛，一名猫儿眼睛草。茎中有白汁，黏人（时珍曰∶《别录
》云是大戟苗，非也。功相类耳）。
宣，吐痰，截疟，通，行水
辛苦而寒，有毒。能引吐行水，祛老痰积饮（痰有六∶风痰、寒痰、湿痰、热痰、食痰
、气痰也。饮有五，流于肺为支饮，于肝为悬饮，于心为伏饮，于经络为溢饮，于肠胃为痰
饮也。常山力能吐之，下之），专治诸疟。然悍暴能损真气，弱者慎用（时珍曰∶常山蜀漆，
韧痰截疟，须在发散表邪及提出阳分之后用之。疟有经疟、脏疟、风、寒、暑、湿、痰、食
、瘴、鬼之别，须分阴、阳、虚、实，不可概论。常山蜀漆，得甘草则吐，得大黄则利，得
乌梅、穿山甲则入肝，得小麦、竹叶则入心，得秫米、麻黄则入肺，得龙骨、附子则入肾，
得草果、槟榔则入脾。盖无痰不作疟，一物之功，亦在驱逐痰水而已。李士材曰∶常山发
吐，唯生用、多用为然。与甘草同用亦必吐。若酒浸炒透，但用钱许，每见奇功，未见其或
吐也。世人泥于雷 老人久病忌服之说，使良药见疑，沉 难起，抑何愚也。常山吐疟痰，
瓜蒂吐热痰，乌附尖吐湿痰，莱菔子吐气痰，藜芦吐风痰）。
鸡骨者良。酒浸蒸或炒用。栝蒌为使。忌葱、茗。茎叶名蜀漆，功用略同（古方有蜀漆
散，取其苗性轻扬，发散上焦邪结）。甘草水拌蒸。
Da Tong (referring to *Adenophora radula*, hereinafter referred to as Yuanhua in context), promotes the flow of water.
Its pungent flavor disperses nodules, and its bitter flavor drains heat; it is a swift medicine for promoting diuresis, with therapeutic indications similar to those of *Yuanhua* (Spurge Flower).
Ze Qi (Euphorbia helioscopia), promotes the flow of water.
It is acrid, bitter, and slightly cold. It eliminates phlegm, reduces fever, stops coughing, kills parasites, and benefits the large and small intestines. It treats abdominal edema and enhances the yin qi of men.
It grows in flat areas near water. Its leaves are round, yellowish-green, resembling cat's eyes, hence the alias "Cat's Eye Grass" (Mao'er Yanjingcao). The stems contain white juice that adheres to the skin. (Li Shizhen stated: *Ben Cao Jing Jiu* claims it is the seedling of *Daye* (Euphorbia pekinensis), which is incorrect. Their functions are merely similar).
Changshan (Dichroa febrifuga) induces vomiting to expel phlegm, arrests malaria, and promotes the flow of water.
It is acrid, bitter, and cold, and is toxic. It can induce vomiting and promote diuresis, dispelling old phlegm and accumulated fluids (Phlegm is categorized into six types: wind-phlegm, cold-phlegm, damp-phlegm, heat-phlegm, food-phlegm, and qi-phlegm. Fluid retention is categorized into five types: fluid accumulating in the lungs is called Zhi Yin (supporting fluid); in the liver, Xuan Yin (hanging fluid); in the heart, Fu Yin (hidden fluid); in the meridians and collaterals, Yi Yin (overflowing fluid); and in the stomach and intestines, Tan Yin (phlegm-fluid). Changshan has the power to vomit or purge these), specifically treating various types of malaria. However, its action is fierce and violent, capable of damaging true qi; those with weak constitutions should use it with caution. (Li Shizhen stated: To use Changshan and Shuqi for dispelling phlegm and arresting malaria, one must first release exterior pathogens and draw the pathogen out from the Yang level. Malaria varies by meridian, zang-organ, wind, cold, summerheat, dampness, phlegm, food, miasma, and ghost etiologies; one must differentiate between yin/yang and deficiency/excess, and cannot generalize. Changshan and Shuqi induce vomiting when combined with Gancao (Licorice), cause purgation when combined with Dahuang (Rhubarb), enter the Liver channel when combined with Wumei (Dark Plum) and Chuanshanjia (Pangolin Scales), enter the Heart channel when combined with Xiaomai (Wheat) and Zhuye (Bamboo Leaf), enter the Lung channel when combined with Shumi (Glutinous Millet) and Mahuang (Ephedra), enter the Kidney channel when combined with Longgu (Fossilized Bone) and Fuzi (Aconite Root), and enter the Spleen channel when combined with Caoguo (Black Cardamom) and Binglang (Betel Nut). Generally, malaria does not occur without phlegm; the efficacy of this herb lies in driving out phlegm and water. Li Shicai stated: Changshan induces vomiting only when used raw and in large doses. Combined with Gancao, it will inevitably cause vomiting. However, if soaked in wine and thoroughly stir-fried, using only a few qian (approx. 3-5 grams) often yields miraculous results, without inducing vomiting. People blindly follow Lei Xiao’s saying that long-term patients should avoid it, causing good medicines to be suspected and severe illnesses to remain incurable, how foolish is this. Changshan vomits malaria-phlegm, Gudi (Melon Seed) vomits heat-phlegm, Wufu Jian (Aconite Tip) vomits damp-phlegm, Laifuzi (Radish Seed) vomits qi-phlegm, and Lilu (Veratrum) vomits wind-phlegm).
The variety with chicken-bone-like roots is superior. Use after soaking in wine, steaming, or stir-frying. Gualou (Trichosanthes Fruit) acts as an assistant. Avoid scallions and tea. The stems and leaves are named Shuqi, with similar functions (Ancient formulas include Shuqi San, utilizing the light and ascending nature of the sprouts to disperse exterior pathogenic constraints in the Upper Jiao). Process by mixing with Gancao (Licorice) water and steaming.