补，和中，解毒
寒利肺，甘解毒（能解百药及蛇虫毒，在诸药中，毒皆自解）。和中止嗽，治消渴强中
（渴症下消，茎长兴盛，不交精出，名强中。消渴之后，发为痈疽），痈肿疔毒。
似人参而体虚无心，似桔梗而味甘不苦（奸贾多用以乱人参。时珍曰∶荠 即甜桔梗）。
泻肺，下气
体轻而虚。熟则四开象肺，故入肺。寒能清肺热。苦辛能降肺气（时珍曰∶钱乙补肺阿
胶散用之，非取其补肺，取其清热降气，则肺自安也。其中阿胶糯米，乃补肺之正药。昂按
∶清热降气，泻之即所以补之，若专一于补，适以助火而益嗽也）。
治痰嗽喘促，血痔 疮，大肠经热（ ，漏也，音闾，亦音漏。痔属大肠，大肠与肺为
表里。肺移热于大肠，故肠风痔 ，清脏热则腑热亦清矣。《千金》单服治水肿，以能泻肺
行水也），亦可吐蛊（汤剂中用之，多作吐）。
蔓生，实如铃，去筋膜，取子用。
泻肺，降气，下痰
辛甘微寒。长于降气下痰止嗽，治肺气壅实，胸膈逆满。虚者禁用。
似牛膝、粗长坚直易断者，白前也；短小柔软能弯者，白薇也（近道多有，形色颇同，
以此别之）。去头须，甘草水浸一伏时（即一昼夜），焙用。忌羊肉。
涩，补肺，逐瘀生新
味苦而辛，性涩而收。得秋金之令，入肺止吐血，（《摘玄》云∶试血法，吐水内浮者
肺血也，沉者肝血也，半浮沉者心血也。各随所见，以羊肺、肝、心蘸白芨末，日日服之佳
），肺损者能复生之（以有形生有形也。人之五脏，惟肺叶损坏者，可以复生。台州狱吏悯
一重囚，囚感之曰∶吾七犯死罪，遭刑拷，肺皆损伤。得一方，用白芨末米饮日服，其效如
神。后囚凌迟，剖开胸，见肺开窍穴数十，皆白芨填补，色犹不变也）。
治跌打折骨（酒服二钱），汤火灼伤（油调末敷），恶疮痈肿，败疽死肌。去腐逐瘀生新，
除面上 （ 音千，去声，面黑气。 音炮，面疮也），涂手足皴裂，令人肌滑。
紫石英为使。畏杏仁。反乌头。
Tonify, harmonize the middle jiao (middle burner), and resolve toxicity.
Cold nature clears Lung heat; sweet flavor resolves toxicity (can resolve toxicity of various herbs as well as snake and insect venoms; within any medicinal combination, its toxicity is naturally neutralized). Harmonizes the middle jiao, stops coughing, treats Xiao Ke (Wasting-Thirst) with Qiang Zhong syndrome (in lower Xiao Ke, the penis remains persistently erect without sexual intercourse, yet semen issues spontaneously, termed Qiang Zhong; after Wasting-Thirst develops, carbuncles and sores may arise), carbuncles, furuncles, and Ding toxic sores.
Resembles Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma) but is light and hollow in the center; resembles Jiegeng (Platycodonis Radix) but is sweet rather than bitter (unscrupulous merchants often use it to adulterate Ginseng. Li Shizhen stated: Qi Ni is sweet Jiegeng).
Drain the Lung, descend Qi.
Light and void in texture. When cooked, it splits into four parts resembling the lungs, thus entering the Lung meridian. Cold nature clears Lung heat. Bitter and pungent flavors descend Lung Qi (Li Shizhen noted: In Qian Yi's Bu Fei E Jiao San [Tonifying Lung Donkey-Hide Gelatin Decoction], this herb is used not for tonifying the Lung, but for clearing heat and descending Qi, thereby calming the Lung. The E Jiao [Donkey-Hide Gelatin] and Nuomi [Glutinous Rice] therein are the true tonics for the Lung. Wang Ang adds: Clearing heat and descending Qi, draining is a form of tonification; if one focuses solely on tonification, it will only aid fire and exacerbate coughing).
Treats phlegm-cough and panting, bloody hemorrhoids and sores, heat in the Large Intestine meridian ("Lou" refers to fistula, pronounced lü or lou. Hemorrhoids belong to the Large Intestine; the Large Intestine and Lung are exterior-interior partners. Lung heat transferring to the Large Intestine causes intestinal wind and hemorrhoidal fistulas; clearing organ heat also clears fu-organ heat. The Qian Jin Fang [Essential Prescriptions Worth a Thousand Gold] uses it alone to treat edema, because it drains the Lung and promotes water metabolism). It can also induce vomiting to expel gu poison (when used in decoctions, it primarily acts as an emetic).
It is a climbing plant; fruits resemble bells. Remove the membrane, use the seeds.
Drain the Lung, descend Qi, and eliminate phlegm.
Pungent, sweet, and slightly cold. Excels at descending Qi, eliminating phlegm, and stopping coughing; treats Lung Qi stagnation and fullness, with rebellious Qi causing chest and diaphragmatic distension. Contraindicated in deficiency patterns.
Those resembling Niuxi (Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix), thick, long, rigid, and easily broken are Baiqian (Cynanchi Stauntonii Rhizoma); those short, small, soft, and flexible are Baiwei (Cynanchi Atrati Radix). They are common near roadsides, with similar appearance and color, distinguished by these traits. Remove the root head and fibrous roots; soak in Licorice water for one day and night (24 hours); dry by baking before use. Avoid mutton.
Astringe, tonify the Lung, dispel blood stasis, and generate new tissue.
Bitter and pungent in flavor; astringent and contracting in nature. Receives the command of Autumn Metal, enters the Lung meridian to stop hemoptysis. The Zhai Xuan states: To test blood, spit into water; floating blood is Lung blood, sinking blood is Liver blood, half-floating/half-sinking is Heart blood. According to the observation, dip sheep Lung, Liver, or Heart in Baiji powder and take daily for best results; damaged Lungs can regenerate (using substantial matter to generate substantial matter. Among the five zang organs, only Lung lobes can regenerate after damage. A jailer in Taizhou pitied a heavy prisoner, who said gratefully: I committed capital offenses seven times and endured torture, damaging my lungs. I received a prescription: take Baiji powder with rice water daily, with miraculous effect. Later, when the prisoner was executed by lingchi, his chest was opened, revealing dozens of holes in the lungs filled with Baiji, which retained their color).
Treats fractures from falls and blows (take 2 qian with wine), scalds and burns (apply powder mixed with oil externally), malignant sores, carbuncles, gangrene, and necrotic muscle. Removes putrefaction, dispels stasis, generates new tissue, eliminates facial dark complexion (qian, falling tone, dull facial qi) and facial sores (pao, facial acne/crusts), applies to cracked hands and feet, making skin smooth.
Zhi Yingshi (Fluorite) serves as a guiding drug. Incompatible with Xingren (Prunus Armeniacae Semen) and Wu Tou (Aconiti Radix).