（见肺部）
〔害〕苦寒性滑，通利九窍，痘疮家气虚，脾胃弱，泄泻不思食，小便清白者，俱禁用。
痘
疹若出而红活及白陷，大肠利者，切宜忌之。
〔利〕苦寒，入心包、肝、大小肠四经。凉血和血，通大小肠，宣发痘疹，清解疮疡。
〔修治〕二月采根阴干，其根头有白毛如茸，未花时采，则根色鲜明。去头，并两畔髭，
以
石压扁，曝干细锉用。
（见胆部）
〔害〕走散之药。病患涉虚者，不宜多服。冷利大肠，虚寒人禁用。
〔利〕味咸微温，兼苦，入肺、肝、大肠三经。咸能软坚，能祛老痰结积，温能解散，
咸可
润下，故治风气湿痹，大肠燥结，又能通脉。草名金沸，功用相仿。
〔修治〕六月至九月采花，去蕊并壳及蒂子，蒸晒干用。有细毛，恐射肺，令人嗽，须
用绢
包好，入煎剂。
〔害〕性专下降，善导大肠燥结，利周身水气。然下后令人津液亏损，燥结愈甚，乃治
标急
救之药。津液不足者，慎勿轻投。
〔利〕味苦甘、辛平，入脾、大肠二经。润燥行水，下气破血，得酒入胆，治不寐。
〔修治〕五月采核，捣碎取仁，先以汤浸去皮尖，用生蜜浸一宿，漉出阴干，研如膏用。
（见肺部）
（见脾部）
（见脾部）
（见脾部）
（同上）
〔害〕寒冷凉中，肺寒咳嗽，脾家泄泻，腹痛冷积，寒痰痰饮，妇人产后，小儿痘后，
胃冷
呕吐，西北真中风证，及金疮，法咸忌之。经云∶形寒饮冷则伤肺，此之谓也。又云∶寒则
血凝泣，多食成冷痢。
〔利〕味酸甘寒，入心、肺、脾、肝、大肠五经。外宣风气，内涤狂烦，消痰醒酒，人
知清
火消痰，不知散风之妙。生食可清六腑之热，熟食可滋五脏之阴，虚火宜熟，实火宜生，梨
汁润肠清痰止嗽。治痰嗽，宜加入姜汁蜜水。
〔修治〕七月采，今北人每于树上包裹，过冬乃摘，亦妙。
(See Lung Section)
[Harm] Its nature is bitter, cold, and slippery, promoting the free flow of the nine orifices. It is strictly contraindicated for patients with smallpox who have Qi deficiency, weak Spleen and Stomach, diarrhea, loss of appetite, and clear, copious urine.
If the rash has erupted and appears bright red, or if it presents as white and depressed, accompanied by diarrhea, it must be avoided.
[Benefit] Bitter in taste and cold in nature, it enters the Pericardium (Xinbao), Liver, Large Intestine, and Small Intestine meridians. It cools the blood and harmonizes blood, unblocks the Large and Small Intestines, promotes the eruption of smallpox/rash, and clears toxic sores.
[Preparation] The roots are harvested in the second lunar month and dried in the shade. The root head has white hairs resembling velvet; harvesting before flowering ensures a bright root color. Remove the root head and lateral whiskers, press flat with a stone, dry in the sun, and finely chop for use.
(See Gallbladder Section)
[Harm] It is a dispersing herb. Patients with deficiency syndromes should not take it in large doses. It causes cold diarrhea and is contraindicated in persons with deficiency-cold constitutions.
[Benefit] Salty in taste, slightly warm, with a bitter undertone, it enters the Lung, Liver, and Large Intestine meridians. Saltiness can soften hardness and dispel old phlegm accumulations; warmth can disperse pathogens; saltiness can moisten and descend, thus treating wind-damp bi syndrome, dryness constipation of the Large Intestine, and unblocking the vessels. The herb Jinfei Cao (Boerhavia diffusa) has similar functions.
[Preparation] Flowers are harvested from the sixth to ninth lunar months. Remove the stamens, calyx, and pedicel, steam them, and dry them in the sun. Because they have fine hairs that may irritate the lungs and cause coughing, they should be wrapped in silk cloth before being added to decoctions.
[Harm] Its action is specifically descending, effectively guiding dryness constipation of the Large Intestine and promoting the movement of fluid throughout the body. However, after purgation, body fluids are depleted, and constipation may worsen; it is a drug for symptomatic emergency relief. Those with insufficient body fluids should not administer it lightly.
[Benefit] Bitter, sweet, and pungent in taste, neutral in nature, it enters the Spleen and Large Intestine meridians. It moistens dryness and moves water, directs Qi downward, and breaks blood stasis. When guided by wine into the Gallbladder meridian, it treats insomnia.
[Preparation] Seeds are harvested in the fifth lunar month. Crush them to extract the kernels, soak them in hot water to remove skins and tips, then soak in raw honey overnight. Strain, dry in the shade, and grind into a paste for use.
(Lung Section)
(Spleen Section)
(Spleen Section)
(Spleen Section)
(Ibid)
[Harm] Cold in nature, it chills the Middle Jiao. It is contraindicated for lung-cold cough, Spleen-deficiency diarrhea, abdominal pain due to cold accumulation, cold phlegm and fluid retention, postpartum women, children after smallpox, stomach-cold vomiting, true wind-stroke in the Northwest region, and traumatic injuries. The classic states: "Exposure to cold and consumption of cold drinks injure the Lung," which refers to this. It also states: "Cold causes blood to congeal and stagnate"; excessive consumption leads to cold dysentery.
[Benefit] Sour and sweet in taste, cold in nature, it enters the Heart, Lung, Spleen, Liver, and Large Intestine meridians. Externally, it disperses wind pathogens; internally, it clears mania and restlessness, resolves phlegm, and revives from intoxication. People know its ability to clear heat and resolve phlegm but often overlook its efficacy in dispersing wind. Raw consumption clears heat in the Six Fu organs; cooked consumption nourishes Yin in the Five Zang organs. For deficient fire, cooked form is suitable; for excess fire, raw form is suitable. Pear juice moistens the intestines, clears phlegm, and stops cough. For treating phlegm-cough, add ginger juice and honey water.
[Preparation] Harvested in the seventh lunar month. Currently, people in the North wrap the fruit on the tree and do not pick it until after winter, which is also excellent.