（见脾部）
（同上）
（同上）
（同上）
〔害〕辛热而燥，一切有火热症者忌之。非属虚寒，概勿施用。
〔利〕辛温，入肺、胃、肾三经。温脾胃而止呕呃，理壅滞而消胀满，除 齿疳，发灰
白痘
。
〔修治〕八月采子曝干，方中多用雌者，为母丁香，即鸡舌香。若用雄者，颗小为丁香，
须
出去丁，盖乳子发人背痈也。不可见火。
（见肝部）
（见肝部）
〔害〕辛香走窜之性，气虚人偶感风寒而鼻塞者，禁之。头脑痛，属血虚火炽，及齿痛
属胃
火者，服之转甚。毛射入肺中，令人咳。
〔利〕入肺胃二经。宣散上焦风热，辛温开窍，鼻塞与昏冒咸宜。清阳解肌，壮热与憎
寒并
选。
味薄而散，能助胃中清气，上达高巅头面九窍，皆归治平也。
〔修治〕九月采实，曝，去心及外皮毛，入药微焙。
（见脾部）
（同上）
（同上）
（见肺部）
（见脾部）
（见脾部）
（见脾部）
（见脾部）
补膀胱猛次将，药性略与补肾之药性同，盖肾气化，则小便自行矣。
〔害〕此风药也。为祛风、散寒、除湿之要品。若血虚头痛，遍身疼痛，骨痛，因而作
寒热
者，俱属内伤症，二活皆是风药，能燥血，均忌。误用必反剧。
〔利〕皆苦辛平，治风寒湿痹，筋骨挛肿，头痛眩掉，颈项难伸。
本入手足太阳表里引经，又入足厥阴气分，小无不入，大无不通，故既散肌表八风之邪，兼
理周身百节之痛。中国者为独活，色黄气缓，可理伏风。西羌者为羌活，色紫气雄，可理游
风，羌性猛，独性缓。
独活不摇风而治风，浮萍不沉水而利水，因其所胜而为制也。
〔修治〕二八月采根，曝干去皮，或焙用。
(See Spleen Section)
(Same as above)
(Same as above)
(Same as above)
[Harm] Its nature is pungent, hot, and drying. It is contraindicated for all conditions involving fire-heat (Re). If the condition is not due to deficiency-cold (Xu Han), it should generally not be used.
[Benefit] Pungent and warm, entering the Lung (Fei), Stomach (Wei), and Kidney (Shen) meridians. It warms the Spleen and Stomach to stop vomiting and hiccups, regulates qi stagnation to eliminate distension and fullness, treats dental gangrene (Chi Gan), and promotes the eruption of grayish-white measles/rash.
[Preparation] Collect the fruit in August and dry it in the sun. In prescriptions, the female variety is mostly used, called Mu Dingxiang (Mother Clove), which is also known as Jitixiang (Chicken Tongue Fragrance). If the male variety is used, the granules are smaller and called Dingxiang (Clove); the "nail" part must be removed, as the milky substance can induce carbuncles on the back. It must not be exposed to fire.
(See Liver Section)
(See Liver Section)
[Harm] It has a pungent, aromatic, and penetrating nature. It is prohibited for people with Qi deficiency who occasionally contract wind-cold (Feng Han) resulting in nasal congestion. For headache due to blood deficiency with blazing fire (Huo Chi), and toothache due to Stomach fire (Wei Huo), taking it will worsen the condition. Hair entering the lungs causes coughing.
[Benefit] Enters the Lung and Stomach meridians. It disperses wind-heat in the Upper Jiao (Shang Jiao), opens orifices with its pungent-warm nature, and is suitable for both nasal congestion and dizziness/mental cloudiness. It clears yang and releases the muscle layer; it is selected for both high fever (Zhuang Re) and aversion to cold (Zeng Han).
Its flavor is thin and dispersing, able to assist the clear qi in the Stomach, ascending to the crown of the head, face, and nine orifices, bringing them all to a state of harmony.
[Preparation] Collect the fruit in September, dry in the sun, remove the core and external hairs/fur, and lightly roast before use in medicine.
(See Spleen Section)
(Same as above)
(Same as above)
(See Lung Section)
(See Spleen Section)
(See Spleen Section)
(See Spleen Section)
(See Spleen Section)
Supplementing the Bladder fiercely... The medicinal properties are slightly similar to those that tonify the Kidney, because when Kidney Qi transformation occurs, urination proceeds naturally.
[Harm] This is a wind-dispelling herb. It is a key item for dispelling wind, scattering cold, and removing dampness. However, if there is headache due to blood deficiency, pain throughout the body, bone pain, accompanied by alternating chills and fever, these all belong to internal injury syndromes. Qianghuo (Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix) and Duhuo (Angelicae Pubescentis Radix) are both wind-dispelling herbs that can dry out blood; they are all contraindicated. Misuse will inevitably aggravate the condition.
[Benefit] Both are bitter, pungent, and neutral. They treat Bi syndrome caused by wind-cold-dampness, spasm and swelling of tendons and bones, headache, dizziness, tremors, and stiffness of the neck and nape.
They enter the Taiyang and Shaoyang meridians of the hand and foot as guiding herbs for the exterior-interior relationship, and also enter the Qi level of the Foot Jueyin (Liver) meridian. Nothing is too small to enter, nothing is too large not to unblock. Thus, they not only disperse the pathogenic factors of the eight winds from the muscle and surface but also regulate pain in all joints of the body. The variety from China is Duhuo, yellow in color and gentle in qi, capable of treating latent wind. The variety from Western Qiang is Qianghuo, purple in color and vigorous in qi, capable of treating wandering wind. Qianghuo's nature is fierce, while Duhuo's nature is gentle.
Duhuo treats wind without shaking the wind; floating duckweed benefits water without sinking in water; this is achieved by utilizing what overcomes the pathology.
[Preparation] Collect the roots in February and August, dry in the sun, peel off the skin, or roast before use.