〔害〕性滑动血，一切劳伤发热，阴虚内热无瘀血者，禁用。瘀因寒滞者忌投，多食令
人自
利，极能虚人。
〔利〕甘平，生用行血，炒黑止血，入东方血海，兼入州都，故又能利小便。
〔修治〕凡使勿用松黄并黄蒿。真蒲黄须隔三重纸，焙令色黄，蒸半日，却再焙干用之
妙。
此即香蒲花中蕊屑，汤成入药。生，滑破血，炒，涩止血。
（见肝部）
（见肺部）
〔害〕气雄上升，能耗血液。凡温病头痛，发热口渴，或骨疼，及伤寒发于春夏，阳证
头疼
，产后血虚火炎，皆不宜服。
〔利〕辛温，理大肠、小肠、膀胱寒湿，治风家巅顶作痛，女人阴肿疝疼。
（见肾部）
〔害〕发散之品，病患表虚易汗者，勿食。病已得汗，勿再进。多食葱，令人神昏，损
发须
，虚气上冲。同蜜食，下利，壅气杀人，名甜砒霜。同枣食，令人病。正月食生葱，令人面
上起游风。
〔利〕辛散轻平，入肺、胃、肝、膀胱。发汗解肌，通上下阳气，气通则血活，故治诸
血。
通气则解毒，故杀诸毒。宣风湿，利耳鸣，通二便，宣解用白须，通窍用青葱管。
〔修治〕大管冬葱入药为良，葱白连须用，采无时。
〔害〕其性阴毒。虽善下水除湿，然能耗损真阴，亏竭津液。元气虚人，除伤寒水结胸
不得
不用外，其余水肿鼓胀，小便频多，脾阴不足，土虚不能制水，以致水气泛滥者皆不宜用。
河间云∶诸湿肿满，皆属脾土，法应补脾实土，兼利小便，而反用甘遂下之，是重虚其本也
。水既暂去，复肿，必死矣。必察病属湿热有饮有水，而元气尚壮，乃可一施，不然多致不
起，戒之须慎。
〔利〕苦甘寒，泻肾、膀胱及隧道水湿，逐留饮水胀，攻痞结疝瘕。
仲景治心下留饮，与甘草同行，取其相反以立功。凡水胀，以甘遂涂腹绕脐，内服甘草汤，
其肿便消。二物相反，而感应如神。
〔修治〕二、八月采根阴干，用东流水浸去黑水，面裹煨熟用，以去其毒，入丸散，捣
为末。
[Harm] The nature of Puhuang (Polygoni Typhonii Rhizoma) is slippery and moving, affecting blood. It is strictly contraindicated for all cases of consumptive injury with fever, yin deficiency with internal heat, and those without blood stasis. If the stasis is caused by cold stagnation, it should also be avoided. Excessive consumption causes spontaneous diarrhea and severely debilitates the body.
[Benefit] Puhuang (Polygoni Typhonii Rhizoma) is sweet in taste and neutral in nature. When raw, it promotes blood circulation; when stir-fried until blackened, it stops bleeding. It enters the Liver meridian (the Blood Sea of the East) and also the Bladder meridian (Zhou Du), thus it can also promote urination.
[Processing] Do not use Songhuang or Huanghao as substitutes. True Puhuang (Polygoni Typhonii Rhizoma) must be placed between three layers of paper, roasted until yellow, steamed for half a day, and then roasted dry again for optimal efficacy.
This substance is actually the dust from the stamens of Typha orientalis flowers. Add to the decoction after cooking. Raw form is slippery and breaks blood; stir-fried form is astringent and stops bleeding.
(See Liver Section)
(See Lung Section)
[Harm] Gansui (Kansui Radix) has a potent ascending qi that consumes blood. It is unsuitable for headache, fever, thirst, or bone pain caused by warm diseases; yang-pattern headaches occurring during spring and summer in cold damage diseases; and postpartum conditions involving blood deficiency with flaming fire.
[Benefit] Gansui (Kansui Radix) is acrid in taste and warm in nature. It regulates cold-dampness in the Large Intestine, Small Intestine, and Bladder. It treats vertex headaches caused by wind pathogens, as well as vulvar swelling and hernia pain in women.
(See Kidney Section)
[Harm] Scallion (Allium fistulosum) is a dispersing agent. Patients with exterior deficiency prone to sweating should not consume it. Do not administer further if sweating has already occurred. Excessive consumption causes mental confusion, damages hair and beard, and leads to the upward rushing of deficient qi. Consuming it with honey causes diarrhea, qi stagnation, and even death, earning it the name "Sweet Arsenic". Consuming it with dates causes illness. Eating raw scallion in the first lunar month causes migratory wind-rashes on the face.
[Benefit] Scallion (Allium fistulosum) is acrid, dispersing, light, and neutral. It enters the Lung, Stomach, Liver, and Bladder meridians. It induces sweating and releases the muscle layer, unblocks the upper and lower yang qi. When qi flows freely, blood circulates, thus treating various blood disorders.
Unblocking qi resolves toxicity, thus killing various poisons. It disseminates wind-dampness, relieves tinnitus, and unblocks urination and defecation. Use the white roots to resolve stagnation, and use the green stems to open orifices.
[Processing] Thick winter scallions are best for medicinal use. Use the white part connected with the roots. Harvest at any time.
[Harm] Gansui (Kansui Radix) possesses a yin-toxic nature. Although it excels at draining water and removing dampness, it consumes true yin and depletes fluids. For individuals with deficient yuan qi, except in cases of Cold Damage with water accumulation in the chest where it is indispensable, it is unsuitable for edema, abdominal distension, frequent urination, spleen yin deficiency, or water flooding due to earth deficiency failing to control water.
Hejian stated: All dampness, swelling, and fullness belong to Spleen Earth pathology. The method should involve tonifying the Spleen and strengthening the Earth, combined with promoting urination. Using Gansui (Kansui Radix) to purge in such cases further weakens the root. Although water may temporarily leave, subsequent swelling will lead to death. One must verify that the disease belongs to damp-heat with fluid retention and that the yuan qi is still robust before administering; otherwise, it often leads to untreatable conditions. Caution is required.
[Benefit] Gansui (Kansui Radix) is bitter and sweet in taste, and cold in nature. It drains water-dampness from the Kidney, Bladder, and collaterals. It expels retained fluids causing distension and attacks palpitations, nodules, and hernia masses.
Zhang Zhongjing treated retained fluid under the heart by using it together with Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, leveraging their antagonistic interaction to achieve therapeutic effect. For water distension, apply Gansui (Kansui Radix) around the umbilicus externally while internally administering Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma Decoction; the swelling subsides. These two substances are antagonistic yet their synergistic response is miraculous.
[Processing] Harvest roots in the second and eighth months and dry them in the shade. Soak in flowing water from the east to remove black water. Wrap in flour and bake until cooked to reduce toxicity. For pills and powders, grind into fine powder.