气味苦，微寒，无毒。主心腹邪气，肠鸣幽幽如走水，寒热积聚，破症除瘕，止烦满
，益气。
（丹参出桐柏川谷太及山，今近道处处有之。其根赤色。大者如指，长尺余，一苗数根。）
丹参、玄参，皆气味苦寒，而得少阴之气化，但玄参色黑，禀少阴寒水之精，而上通于
天，
丹参色赤，禀少阴君火之气，而下交于地，上下相交，则中土自和。故玄参下交于上，而治
腹中寒热积聚，丹参上交于下，而治心腹邪气，寒热积聚。君火之气下交，则土温而水不泛
溢，故治肠鸣幽幽如走水。破症除瘕者，治寒热之积聚也。止烦满益气者，治心腹之邪气也
，夫止烦而治心邪，止满而治腹邪，益正气所以治邪气也。
气味苦寒，无毒。主治心腹积聚，寒热邪气，通九窍、大小便。
（紫参《本经》名牡蒙，出河西及冤句山谷，今河中晋解齐及淮蜀州郡皆有之。苗长一
二尺
，茎青而细，叶似槐叶，亦有似羊蹄者。五月开细白花，似葱花，亦有红紫，而似水荭者。
根淡紫黑色，如地黄状，肉红白色，内浅皮深，三月采根，火炙干便成紫色。又云六月采，
晒干用。）
《金匮》泽漆汤方，用紫参。本论云∶咳而脉沉者，泽漆汤主之。《纲目集解》云∶古
方所用牡蒙，皆为紫参，而陶氏又以王孙为牡蒙，今用亦希。因《金匮》方有紫参，故存于
此。
[Taste and Nature] Bitter, slightly cold, non-toxic. It governs evil qi in the heart and abdomen, intestinal murmurs sounding like flowing water, accumulation of cold-heat pathogens, breaks masses (zheng) and eliminates lumps (jia), stops vexation and fullness, and benefits healthy qi.
(Danshen [Salvia miltiorrhiza Root] grows in the valleys of Tongbai Mountain and Tai Mountain, and is now found everywhere along the roads. Its root is red. The larger ones are as thick as a finger and over a chi long, with several roots per shoot.)
Danshen and Xuanshen both have bitter-cold tastes and natures, and both receive the qi transformation of the Shaoyin channel. However, Xuanshen is black in color, inheriting the essence of Shaoyin cold-water, and connects upward to Heaven; Danshen is red in color, inheriting the qi of Shaoyin Ministerial Fire, and connects downward to Earth. When upper and lower connect, the Middle Jiao naturally harmonizes. Therefore, Xuanshen connects downward to upward, treating cold-heat accumulations in the abdomen; Danshen connects upward to downward, treating evil qi in the heart and abdomen, and cold-heat accumulations. When the qi of Ministerial Fire connects downward, the Earth becomes warm and Water does not overflow, thus treating intestinal murmurs sounding like flowing water. Breaking masses and eliminating lumps treats the accumulation of cold-heat pathogens. Stopping vexation and fullness and benefiting healthy qi treats the evil qi in the heart and abdomen. Stopping vexation addresses the heart's evil qi, stopping fullness addresses the abdominal evil qi; benefiting righteous qi thereby treats evil qi.
[Taste and Nature] Bitter and cold, non-toxic. It governs accumulations in the heart and abdomen, cold-heat evil qi, and unblocks the nine orifices and urination and defecation.
(Zishen [Scutellaria Barbata Root], named Mumeng in the *Shennong Bencao Jing*, grows in the valleys of Hexi and Yuanju. It is now found in Hezhong, Jinjie, Qi, and various prefectures in Huai and Shu. The seedling is one or two chi tall, the stem is green and thin, the leaves resemble those of the locust tree, and some resemble those of the dock plant. In the fifth month, it opens small white flowers resembling scallion flowers; there are also red-purple varieties resembling Persicaria hydropiper. The root is pale purple-black, resembling Rehmannia glutinosa Root, with reddish-white flesh, light inside and dark on the skin. The roots are harvested in the third month, roasted by fire until dry to become purple. Another account states they are harvested in the sixth month and used after sun-drying.)
The Zeqi Tang formula in the *Jingui Yaolue* uses Zishen. This treatise states: "For cough with a deep pulse, Zeqi Tang is the primary treatment." *Bencao Gangmu Ji Jie* states: "The Mumeng used in ancient formulas all refers to Zishen, but Tao Hongjing identified Wangsun as Mumeng, which is rarely used today. Because Zishen appears in the *Jingui Yaolue* formulas, it is retained here."