气味辛温，有大毒。主治大风，寒湿痹，历节痛，拘挛缓急，破积聚邪气，金疮，强
筋骨，轻身健行。
（附子种在土中，不生侧子，经年独长大者，故曰雄也。土人种附子，地出天雄，便为
不利
，如养蚕而成白僵也。时俗咸谓一两外者为天雄，不知天雄长三四寸许，旁不生子，形状各
异。）
天雄、附子，《本经》主治稍异，而旨则同，故不加释。
（李士材曰∶天雄之用，与附子相仿，但功力略逊耳。李时珍曰∶乌头、附子、天雄皆
是补
下焦命门阳虚之药，补下所以益上也。若是上焦阳虚，即属心脾之分，当用参 ，不当用天
雄也。乌附天雄之尖皆是向下，其气下行，其脐乃向上，生苗之处。寇宗 言其不肯就下，
张元素言其补上焦阳虚，皆是误认尖为上耳。唯朱震亨以为下部之佐者得之，而未发出此义
。卢子由曰∶天以体言，雄以用言，不杂于阴柔，不惑于邪乱。若夫风寒湿痹证，及积聚邪
气、金疮，嫌于无阳者，乃得行险而不失其正。）
气味辛温，有毒。主治诸风，风痹，血痹，半身不遂，除寒冷，温养脏腑，去心
下坚痞，感寒酸痛。（《洁古珍珠囊》附。）
（乌头乃初种而未旁生附子者。乌头如芋头，附子如芋子，本一物也，其形如乌之头，
因以为名。各处皆有，以川
中出者入药，故医家谓之川乌。）
（李士材曰∶大抵寒证用附子，风证用乌头。）
The flavor is pungent and warm, with high toxicity. It treats severe wind disorders, bi-syndrome caused by cold-dampness, pain in the joints (Lijie), spasms or flaccidity and urgency, breaks up accumulations and pathogenic factors, treats metal wounds, strengthens sinews and bones, lightens the body, and promotes agile movement.
(When Fuzi [Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata] is planted in the soil and does not produce lateral buds, but grows alone for many years until it becomes large, it is called Tianxiong [Aconiti Radix]. Local farmers consider the emergence of Tianxiong in a field planted with Fuzi as unfavorable, similar to obtaining white silkworms when raising mulberry silkworms. The common people generally believe that Fuzi larger than one qian is Tianxiong, unaware that Tianxiong is approximately three to four cun long, has no lateral buds on its sides, and varies in shape.)
Tianxiong and Fuzi have slightly different indications in the *Shennong Bencao Jing* (Divine Farmer's Materia Medica), but their therapeutic principles are the same; therefore, no further explanation is added.
(Li Shicai stated: The efficacy of Tianxiong is similar to that of Fuzi, but its potency is slightly inferior. Li Shizhen stated: Aowu [Aconiti Radix], Fuzi, and Tianxiong are all herbs that tonify Yang deficiency of the Mingmen [Gate of Life] in the Lower Jiao. Tonifying the lower benefits the upper. If there is Yang deficiency in the Upper Jiao, it belongs to the Heart and Spleen, and one should use Renshen [Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma], not Tianxiong. The tips of Aowu, Fuzi, and Tianxiong all point downward, indicating that their Qi descends; their navels point upward, which is where the sprouts emerge. Kou Zongshi claimed they "refuse to go down," and Zhang Yuansu claimed they tonify Upper Jiao Yang deficiency; both were mistaken in identifying the tip as the "upper" part. Only Zhu Zhenheng considered them assistants for lower-body ailments, but failed to elucidate this principle fully. Lu Ziyou stated: "Tian" refers to its form, and "Xiong" refers to its function; it does not mix with Yin and softness, nor is it confused by chaotic pathogens. In cases of wind-cold-damp bi-syndrome, as well as accumulations, pathogenic factors, and metal wounds where there is a suspicion of Yang deficiency, these herbs can be used to navigate danger without losing correctness.)
(Note from *Jiegu Zhenzhu Nang*: Flavor pungent and warm, toxic. Treats various wind disorders, wind-bi, blood-bi, hemiplegia, dispels cold, warms and nourishes the Zang-Fu organs, removes hardness and fullness below the heart, and alleviates soreness and pain caused by cold exposure.)
(Aowu is the plant initially planted before lateral Fuzi has grown. Aowu resembles taro, while Fuzi resembles taro shoots; they are originally the same substance. Their shape resembles the head of a crow, hence the name. They are found everywhere, but those produced in Sichuan are preferred for medicinal use, so physicians call them Chuanwu [Sichuan Aconite].)
(Li Shicai stated: Generally, cold syndromes use Fuzi, while wind syndromes use Aowu.)