气味辛寒，无毒，主治面痈肿，皮肤洗洗时痛，腹中血气，破寒热积聚，除惊悸。
（天鼠《本经》名伏翼，列于上品，即蝙蝠也。天鼠屎《日华本草》名夜明砂。天鼠罕
用，
夜明砂常用，故录之。天鼠冬蛰夏出，昼伏夜飞，多处深山崖穴中及人家旧屋内，食蚊蚋乳
石精汁。李时珍曰∶凡采得以水淘去灰土恶气，取细砂晒干焙用，其砂即蚊蚋眼也。）
蝙蝠形极类鼠而飞翔空中，故曰∶天鼠。身有翼而昼伏，故曰伏翼。屎乃蚊蚋乳石之余
精，
气味辛寒，感阳明太阳金水之化。主治面痈肿者，面属阳明也。皮肤洗洗时痛者，皮肤属太
阳也。痈肿则血气不和，阳明行身之前，而治面之痈肿，则腹中血气之病，亦可治也。皮肤
洗洗，则身发寒热。皮肤时痛，则寒热积聚，太阳主通体之皮肤，而治皮肤洗洗之时痛，则
自发寒热而邪积凝聚者，亦可破也。肝病则惊，心病则悸，除惊悸者，禀阳明金气，而除风
木之惊，禀太阳水气，而除火热之悸也。
气味辛寒，有毒。主治邪气，破瘕坚血，痈肿阴疮。服之不患热病。
（《本经》下品有虾蟆，《别录》下品有蟾蜍，乃一类二种也。虾蟆生陂中，背有黑点，
身
小能跳，作呷呷声。举动极急。蟾蜍在人家湿处，身大黑，无点多痱 ，不能跳，不解作声
，行动迟缓，功用大同小异。李时珍曰∶古方多用虾蟆，今方多用蟾蜍，考二物功用亦不甚
远，今人只用蟾蜍有效，而虾蟆不复入药，疑古人所用者，亦多是蟾蜍，盖古时通称蟾蜍为
虾蟆耳。《王荆公字说》云∶俗言虾蟆怀土取置远处，一夕复还其所，虽或遐之，常慕而返
，故名虾蟆。今俗传其能作土遁，盖亦有所本云。）
虾蟆生于阴湿阪泽，能作土遁，其色黄黑，气味辛寒，盖禀土金水之气化所生。主治邪
气者
，辛以散之也。禀金气，故破症坚血。禀土气，故治痈肿阴疮。禀水气，故服之不患热病。
The flavor is pungent and the nature is cold, with no toxicity. It treats facial carbuncles and swelling (facial abscesses), skin pain that feels like being washed by cold water intermittently, disorders of blood and qi in the abdomen, breaks up accumulations of cold and heat, and eliminates palpitations and fright.
(Tian Shu [Heavenly Mouse], known as Fuyi [Hidden Wing] in *Shennong Bencao Jing* [Divine Farmer's Materia Medica], is listed in the Superior Grade, referring to bats. Tian Shushi [Heavenly Mouse Excrement], known as Yeming Sha [Night-Bright Sand] in *Rizhen Bencao* [Materia Medica of Daily Life], is commonly used, whereas Tian Shu is rarely used; therefore, it is recorded here. Tian Shu hibernates in winter and emerges in summer, hiding during the day and flying at night, mostly inhabiting deep mountain cliffs, caves, and old houses, feeding on mosquitoes and gnats and the essence of limestone. Li Shizhen said: "Whatever is collected should be rinsed with water to remove ash, soil, and foul odors; take the fine sand, dry it in the sun, and roast it for use. This sand is actually the feces of mosquitoes and gnats.")
Bats resemble mice in shape but fly in the air, hence called "Tian Shu" [Heavenly Mouse]. They have wings and hide during the day, hence called "Fuyi" [Hidden Wing]. Their excrement is the remaining essence after mosquitoes and gnats consume limestone. Its flavor is pungent and its nature is cold, reflecting the transformation of Metal and Water from the Yangming and Taiyang channels. Treating facial carbuncles and swelling works because the face belongs to the Yangming channel. Skin pain feeling like being washed by cold water intermittently works because the skin belongs to the Taiyang channel. Carbuncles and swelling indicate disharmony of blood and qi. Since the Yangming channel runs along the anterior aspect of the body, treating facial carbuncles can also address disorders of blood and qi in the abdomen. When the skin feels like being washed by cold water, chills and fever manifest. Intermittent skin pain indicates accumulation of chills and heat. Since the Taiyang channel governs the skin of the entire body, treating intermittent skin pain like being washed by cold water can also break up spontaneous chills and fevers caused by the aggregation of pathogenic factors. Liver disease causes fright, and heart disease causes palpitations. Eliminating fright and palpitations occurs because it inherits the Qi of Yangming Metal, thereby dispelling fright caused by Wind-Wood, and inherits the Qi of Taiyang Water, thereby dispelling palpitations caused by Fire-Heat.
The flavor is pungent and the nature is cold, with toxicity. It treats pathogenic factors, breaks up masses (zheng) and hardened blood, and treats carbuncles and yin sores. Taking it does not lead to heat diseases.
(Xia Ma [Toad/Frog] is listed in the Inferior Grade in *Shennong Bencao Jing*, and Chan Chu [Toad] is listed in the Inferior Grade in *Bielu* [Additional Records]; these are one species with two names. Xia Ma lives by ponds, has black spots on its back, is small and capable of jumping, and makes a "ga ga" sound. Its movements are very rapid. Chan Chu lives in damp places around human dwellings, is large and black, has few spots, often suffers from prickly heat, cannot jump, does not make sounds, and moves slowly. Their functions are largely similar with minor differences. Li Shizhen said: "Ancient prescriptions often used Xia Ma, while modern prescriptions often use Chan Chu. Investigating their functions reveals they are not far apart. Currently, people only find Chan Chu effective, and Xia Ma is no longer used in medicine. It is suspected that what ancients used was mostly Chan Chu, as in ancient times Chan Chu was generally referred to as Xia Ma." *Wang Jinggong's Character Analysis* states: "Common saying holds that Xia Ma loves the earth; if placed far away, it returns to its original location in one night. Although it may travel far, it always longs and returns, hence named Xia Ma." The current folklore that it can perform earth escape likely has some basis.")
Xia Ma lives in shady, damp slopes and marshes, can perform earth escape, has yellow-black coloration, and its flavor is pungent and nature is cold. It is likely born from inheriting the transformations of Earth, Metal, and Water Qi. Treating pathogenic factors works because the pungent flavor disperses them. Inheriting Metal Qi allows it to break up masses and hardened blood. Inheriting Earth Qi allows it to treat carbuncles and yin sores. Inheriting Water Qi ensures that taking it does not lead to heat diseases.