气味辛，微寒，无毒。主治吐逆反胃，惊痫，癫疾，除热，下气，炼化还成九光。久
服通神明。
（铅丹一名丹粉，今炼铅所作黄丹也。铅名黑锡，又名水中金，五金中之属水者也，有
银坑
处皆有之。）
铅丹木金水之精，得火化而变赤，气味辛微寒，盖禀金质而得水火之气化。主治吐逆反
胃者
，火温其土也。治惊痫者，水济其火也。治癫疾者，火济其水也。气味辛寒，寒能除热，辛
能下气也。炼化还成九光者，炼九转而其色光亮，还成黑铅也。炼化还光而久服，则金水相
生，水火相济，故通神明。
愚按∶铅有毒，炼铅成丹，则无毒。铅丹下品，不堪久服，炼铅丹而成九光，则可久服，
学
气味辛寒，无毒。主治伏尸，毒螫，杀三虫。
（因化铅而成粉，故名铅粉。《本经》名粉锡，《别录》名胡粉，今名水粉。李时珍曰∶
铅锡一类也，古人名铅为黑
锡，故名粉锡。）
伏尸者，伏于泉下之尸，相 而为传尸鬼疰之病。铅粉从黑变白，从阴出阳，故主治伏
尸。
禀水气而性寒，故消螫毒。禀金气而味辛，故杀三虫。
愚按∶黄丹、铅粉皆本黑锡所成，而变化少有不同。变白者，得金水之气而走气分。变
赤者
，得火土之气而走血分。黄丹禀火土之气，故入膏丹，主痈疽恶疮之用。今时则用铅粉收膏
药。以代黄丹。
The flavor is acrid, the nature is slightly cold, and it is non-toxic. It mainly treats vomiting with reverse flow of qi, regurgitation, fright epilepsy, manic-depressive psychosis, clears heat, directs rebellious qi downward, and can be refined back into a state of "nine lights" (lustrous appearance). Long-term consumption allows one to attain spiritual clarity.
(Lead tetroxide, also known as Danfen, is the yellow lead oxide produced by refining lead today. Lead is named Heixi [Black Tin], also called Shuizhongjin [Gold in Water], belonging to the Water element among the Five Metals. It is found wherever silver mines exist.)
Lead tetroxide is the essence of Wood, Metal, and Water. It turns red when transformed by fire. Its acrid and slightly cold flavor suggests it inherits the quality of Metal while undergoing the Qi transformation of Water and Fire. It treats vomiting and regurgitation because Fire warms the Earth (Spleen/Stomach). It treats fright epilepsy because Water assists Fire (Heart). It treats manic-depressive psychosis because Fire assists Water (Kidney). The cold nature clears heat, and the acrid nature directs rebellious qi downward. "Refined back into nine lights" means that after nine cycles of refinement, its color becomes lustrous, returning to black lead. When refined to regain luster and consumed for a long time, Metal and Water generate each other, and Water and Fire assist each other, thus allowing one to attain spiritual clarity.
Commentary: Lead is toxic; however, when refined into cinnabar-like pills, it becomes non-toxic. Lead tetroxide belongs to the inferior grade and is unsuitable for long-term use. However, if refined into the "nine lights" state, it may be used for a long time.
[For Lead Carbonate/White Lead]
The flavor is acrid and cold, and it is non-toxic. It mainly treats Fusshi [latent corpse-pathogens], venomous bites, and kills the Three Parasites.
(It is named Qianfen [Lead Powder] because it is formed from the transformation of lead. In the *Shennong Bencao Jing*, it is called Fenshi; in the *Bielu*, it is called Hufen; currently, it is known as Shuifen. Li Shizhen stated: Lead and tin are of the same category. Ancients called lead Heixi [Black Tin], hence the name Fenshi.)
"Fusshi" refers to pathogens latent in yin depths, which transmit and cause Chuanshui Guizhu diseases [similar to tuberculosis or chronic wasting diseases]. Lead powder changes from black to white, emerging from Yin into Yang, thus treating Fusshi.
Inheriting the Qi of Water makes its nature cold, thereby eliminating venomous bites. Inheriting the Qi of Metal makes its flavor acrid, thereby killing the Three Parasites.
Commentary: Huangdan [Yellow Lead Oxide] and Qianfen [Lead Carbonate] both originate from Heixi [Black Lead], but their transformations differ slightly. The one that turns white inherits the Qi of Metal and Water and travels through the Qi level. The one that turns red inherits the Qi of Fire and Earth and travels through the Blood level. Huangdan inherits the Qi of Fire and Earth, so it enters plasters and pills, primarily used for treating carbuncles, ulcers, and malignant sores. Nowadays, Qianfen is used to prepare plaster medicines to replace Huangdan.