味苦，性平，无毒。入肝、肾二经，萆 为使。锉，焙。
强筋最奇，壮骨独异，男子腰脚软疼，女人关节不利。
状如狗之脊，故名狗脊，以形得名也。别名扶筋，以功得名也。
味辛，性温，无毒。入肾、肝二经。远志为使。恶玄参。
明目舒筋，归功于藏血之海。益精缩便，得力于闭蛰之官。风湿宜求，疝家必选。
五加皮，服食家夸之不已，尝曰∶宁得一把五加，不用金玉满车。虽词多溢美，必非无
因，
而获此誉也。
下部无风寒湿邪而有火，及肝肾虚而有火者，皆忌之。
味辛、苦，性温，无毒。入肝、肾二经。关中者佳。
利皮毛筋骨，治风痹内伤。男子阳衰堪酌服，妇人阴冷可频尝。
今人不用，以药性论有阴痿之说耳。不知能令肾强。人或借此纵欲，以致痿弱，岂其咎
哉。
味微苦，性平，无毒。入肝、脾二经。
祛风湿，利关节。肩臂酸疼，肌肤麻木。
此物性极平和，可久服，亦可泡酒频饮。
味苦，性平，无毒。入肝经。忌火。
和血脉，充肌肤，而齿发坚长。舒筋络，利关节，而痹痛捐除。安胎简用，崩漏征医。
能益血，兼能去湿，故功效如上。海外深山、地暖不蚕、桑无采捋之苦，气化浓密，自
然生
出。有言鸟衔他子，遗树而生者，非也。
Bitter in flavor, neutral in nature, non-toxic. Enters the Liver and Kidney meridians. Bixie (Dioscorea hypoglauca rhizome) serves as the guiding herb. Cut into pieces and roasted.
Its ability to strengthen sinews is most remarkable, and its efficacy in fortifying bones is unique. It treats softness and pain in the waist and feet of men, and joint dysfunction in women.
Its shape resembles the spine of a dog, hence the name Gouji (Cibotii Rhizoma), named after its form. Its alias Fujin (Support Sinew) is named after its function.
Pungent in flavor, warm in nature, non-toxic. Enters the Kidney and Liver meridians. Yuanzhi (Polygalae Radix) serves as the guiding herb. Avoid using with Xuanshen (Scrophulariae Radix).
Clarifying vision and soothing sinews are attributed to the sea that stores blood (the Liver). Benefiting essence and reducing urination relies on the official that seals and stores (the Kidney). It is suitable for wind-dampness; it must be selected by patients with hernia.
Wujiapi (Acanthopanacis Cortex) is endlessly praised by those who consume herbs for longevity. They once said: "Better to have a handful of Wujiapi than a cart full of gold and jade." Although the words may be overly flattering, there must be a reason for this reputation.
It is contraindicated in cases where there is no wind-cold-dampness pathogen in the lower body but there is fire-heat, or in cases of Liver-Kidney deficiency with fire-heat.
Pungent and bitter in flavor, warm in nature, non-toxic. Enters the Liver and Kidney meridians. Those from the Guanzhong region are superior.
Benefiting skin, hair, tendons, and bones; treating wind-bi and internal injury. Men with declining yang qi may take it with discretion; women with coldness in the yin region may taste it frequently.
People nowadays do not use it because pharmacological discussions mention it causes impotence. They do not know it can strengthen the Kidney. If people borrow this to indulge their desires, leading to flaccidity, is that really their fault?
Slightly bitter in flavor, neutral in nature, non-toxic. Enters the Liver and Spleen meridians.
Expelling wind-dampness and benefiting joints. Treating soreness and pain in the shoulders and arms, and numbness of the skin and muscles.
This substance has an extremely mild nature, suitable for long-term consumption, and can also be infused in wine for frequent drinking.
Bitter in flavor, neutral in nature, non-toxic. Enters the Liver meridian. Avoid processing with fire.
Harmonizing the blood vessels and filling the skin and muscles, thereby making teeth and hair firm and long. Soothing the sinews and collaterals, benefiting the joints, thereby eliminating bi-pain. Simply used for calming the fetus; sought after in treatment for metrorrhagia and metrostaxis.
It can tonify blood and simultaneously remove dampness, hence the aforementioned effects. In deep mountains overseas, where the climate is warm and silkworms are not raised, and mulberry trees suffer no hardship of picking, the qi transformation is dense, causing them to grow naturally. Some say birds carry other seeds and leave them on trees to grow; this is incorrect.
Bitter in flavor, warm in nature, non-toxic. Enters the Liver and Kidney meridians.
Soothing sinews and stopping pain in the limbs and joints; removing dampness and searching out wind from bones and flesh.
Being bitter, drying, and warm-unblocking, it can dry dampness within the blood; therefore, those with yin deficiency and blood deficiency should not use it excessively.