味甘，性热，有毒。蛇床为使。恶牡丹、牡蒙。畏紫石英。忌羊血。反人参、白术。入
银器
、煮水，减即添煮，三日夜，色变黄白，换水再煮，色清不变，毒去尽矣。水飞过，再研半
日。
益精壮阳，下焦之虚弱堪珍。止嗽解渴，上部之虚寒宜宝。
其气剽悍，令阳气暴充，饮食倍进。昧者，得此肆淫，则精竭火炎，发为痈疽淋浊，岂
钟乳
之罪邪？大抵命门火衰者，相宜。不尔，便有害矣。
味苦，性微寒，无毒。入肺经。恶防己，反藜芦。
补中益肺，养胃生津。整肃上热，疏痰利咳。定心内惊烦，退皮间邪热。
气轻力薄，非肩弘任大之品也。人参甘温体重，专益肺气，补阳而生阴。沙参甘寒体轻，
专
清肺热，补阴而制阳。
沙参性寒，脏腑无实热及寒留肺经而嗽者，勿服。
又名孩儿参。味甘、微苦，性平，无毒。入脾、肺二经。
益气健脾，生津养肺。气血不足，病后虚羸。倦怠乏力，自汗萎靡。食少心悸，口干液
亏，
用以调补，能使春回。
此药力薄，须持续服用，其效始着。
味苦、甘，性凉，无毒。入肺、胃二经。
滋补肺金称善，疗治虚火尤宜。能养胃以生津，除烦倦而不疲。
伤寒论之竹叶石膏汤，白虎加人参汤，均可改用西洋参。
味甘，性寒，无毒。入心、肝、脾、肾四经。恶贝母。
忌铜、铁、葱、蒜、萝卜、诸血。产怀庆，黑而实肥者佳。
凉血补阴，去瘀生新。养筋骨，益气力。理胎产，主劳伤，通二便，消宿食。心病而掌
中热
痛，脾病而痿 贪眠。
Taste: Sweet. Nature: Hot. Toxicity: Toxic. Guiding herb: Cnidii Fructus (Shechuangzi). Incompatible with Paeoniae Moutan Cortex (Mudanpi) and Mumeng (a plant). Feared by Fluorite (Zi Shiyun). Contraindicated with Ovis/Capis Sanguis (Yangxue, Sheep blood). Antagonistic to Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma (Renshen) and Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma (Baizhu). Place in a silver vessel, add water and boil. If the water reduces, add more and continue boiling for three days and nights until the color changes to yellowish-white. Change the water and boil again until the color is clear and unchanging; the toxicity is completely removed. Process by levigation (water flying), then grind for another half day.
Benefits essence and strengthens yang; precious for deficiency-cold of the lower jiao. Stops cough and relieves thirst; valuable for deficiency-cold of the upper jiao.
Its qi is fierce and rapid, causing sudden abundance of yang qi and significantly increasing appetite. Ignorant people who indulge in sexual activity after taking this will suffer from exhaustion of essence and flaming fire, leading to carbuncles, sores, stranguria, and turbid urine. Is this the fault of Stalactitum (Zhongru)? Generally, it is suitable for those with decline of Mingmen fire. Otherwise, it causes harm.
Taste: Bitter. Nature: Slightly cold. Toxicity: Non-toxic. Meridian tropism: Lung. Incompatible with Stephaniae Tetrandrae Radix (Fangji). Antagonistic to Veratri Radix (Lilu).
Supplements the middle and benefits the lung, nourishes the stomach and generates fluids. Clears heat in the upper jiao, disperses phlegm and facilitates cough. Calms internal palpitations and irritability caused by heat, dispels pathogenic heat in the skin.
Its qi is light and its power is thin; it is not a substance capable of bearing heavy responsibilities. Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma (Renshen) is sweet and warm, heavy in texture, specifically supplements lung qi, tonifies yang and generates yin. Adenophorae Radix (Shashen) is sweet and cold, light in texture, specifically clears lung heat, nourishes yin and controls yang.
Adenophorae Radix (Shashen) is cold in nature. It should not be taken by those without excess heat in the zang-fu organs, or those with cough due to cold lingering in the lung meridian.
Also known as Codonopsis Radix (Haier Shen). Taste: Sweet, slightly bitter. Nature: Neutral. Toxicity: Non-toxic. Meridian tropism: Spleen, Lung.
Benefits qi and strengthens the spleen, generates fluids and nourishes the lung. Suitable for insufficiency of qi and blood, emaciation and weakness after illness. Fatigue, spontaneous sweating, listlessness. Poor appetite, palpitations, dry mouth and fluid deficiency. Using this for regulation and supplementation can restore vitality.
This medicine has weak power; continuous administration is required for its effects to become apparent.
Taste: Bitter, sweet. Nature: Cool. Toxicity: Non-toxic. Meridian tropism: Lung, Stomach.
Excellent for nourishing Lung Metal, especially suitable for treating deficient fire. Nourishes the stomach to generate fluids, eliminates vexation and fatigue without causing tiredness.
In the *Treatise on Cold Damage* (*Shanghan Lun*), Zhuyegao Tang (Bamboo Leaf and Pericarpium Gossypii Decoction) and Baihu Jia Renshen Tang (White Tiger Plus Ginseng Decoction) can both be substituted with American Ginseng Radix (Xiyangshen).
Taste: Sweet. Nature: Cold. Toxicity: Non-toxic. Meridian tropism: Heart, Liver, Spleen, Kidney. Incompatible with Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus (Beimu).
Contraindicated with copper, iron, Allium fistulosum (Cong), Allium sativum (Suan), Raphanus sativus (Luobo), and various meats. Produced in Huaiqing, those that are black and solid/fleshy are superior.
Cools blood and nourishes yin, removes stasis and generates new blood. Nourishes sinews and bones, benefits qi and strength. Regulates pregnancy and postpartum conditions, treats labor injuries, unblocks urination and defecation, resolves retained food. For heart disease presenting with heat and pain in the palm; for spleen disease presenting with flaccidity and excessive sleepiness.