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The urine of an unmarried young male is particularly effective.
Li Shizhen stated that human urine, upon entering the stomach, is transported to the spleen, returns to the lungs, and flows downward through the water passages into the bladder; these are its original pathways, so it should be considered a miraculous product for promoting diuresis. However, medical formularies do not primarily advocate its use for diuresis, mainly because its salty and cold nature enters the blood level rather than moving through the qi level. It can nourish yin, clear heat, and resolve stasis, but cannot promote diuresis. Precisely because it cannot promote diuresis, its efficacy in nourishing yin, clearing heat, and resolving stasis becomes more prominent. Kou Zongshi claimed that this substance has a cold nature and should not be taken in large amounts or frequently. Zhu Danxi vigorously refuted this view, even citing an eighty-year-old woman who regularly consumed human urine and remained healthy as evidence. He failed to realize that individuals vary in their innate constitution. For those with excess yang and insufficient yin, it indeed provides benefit. However, for those with yang deficiency and blood deficiency without heat, how could it be suitable? In Zhang Zhongjing's Baitong Decoction with Pig Bile (Baitong Jia Zhudanchi Tang), human urine is included to calm vomiting and irritability, and to drain the false yang within the yin channels. In Ge Hong's Congchi Decoction (Congchi Tang), human urine is included to prevent warm pathogens from damaging yin, or when cold in the yin level has transformed into heat; in both cases, its salty and cold properties are utilized to clear heat. Only because it is a substance that has undergone transformation by the zang-fu organs, harmonizing with the body's yin qi, can it not be compared to other salty and cold substances. Therefore, it is used to treat postpartum blood fainting, as well as laborious coughs where blood infiltrates the lungs, hematemesis, and epistaxis. [However, if misused], it may later lead to death. This was likely because the woman originally had a yang-deficient constitution; when her body became fatter than before, her yang deficiency also worsened. Her family, adhering to previous successful effects, continued to use it, which unfortunately brought disaster. How can Kou's assertion of its cold nature be ignored?