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[Flavor and Nature] Astringent in flavor, neutral in nature, non-toxic.
[Indications] Crushed to extract juice for drinking. Mainly treats incessant hematemesis (vomiting blood), as well as epistaxis and oral bleeding; resolves blood stasis and clears heat toxins. Treats postpartum blood stagnation and oppression; when mixed with Rehmanniae Radix (Shengdi Huang) juice and hot wine, taken during urination, it can treat hemoptysis (coughing up blood), spitting blood, bloody strangury (hematuria with pain), hematuria, hematochezia (blood in stool), dysentery with blood, and metrorrhagia (uterine bleeding).

(Also known as Ye Tian Dong. Its roots often grow in clusters of hundreds or dozens, connected like military formations, hence the name.)
[Flavor and Nature] Sweet in flavor, slightly warm in nature, non-toxic.
[Indications] Treats tuberculosis-like consumption diseases with bone-steaming fever (Chuan Shi Gu Zheng Lao); treats infantile malnutrition (Gan syndrome); kills roundworms, tapeworms (Cun Bai Chong), pinworms, and all kinds of wood-boring insects, which die upon incineration. Kills lice, flies, and midges. Decoction used to wash cattle and dogs removes lice. Roasted over fire and soaked in wine, taken on an empty stomach, it treats tinea and prurigo, removing venom from insect or silkworm bites. Baibu is also a type of Tian Dong, thus both treat lung diseases and kill parasites. However, Baibu has a warm nature without coldness, making it suitable for cold coughs; Tian Dong has a cold nature without heat, making it suitable for hot coughs. This is their difference.

[Flavor and Nature] Bitter in flavor, neutral in nature, slightly cold, non-toxic. Slightly yang within yin. Enters the Foot-Taiyang Bladder Meridian and the Foot-Yangming Stomach Meridian.
[Indications] Treats heat caused by wind-dampness accumulation, unblocks joints, removes latent masses and accumulations (Zhen Jia). Treats generalized jaundice becoming icterus, and difficult urination. Therefore, Yinchen Zhi Zi Da Huang Tang (Artemisiae Scopariae, Gardeniae, and Rheum Decoction) treats damp-heat jaundice; Zhizi Bo Pi Tang (Gardeniae and Phellodendri Bark Decoction) treats dry-heat jaundice; these are essential herbs for treating yang jaundice. Yinchen Fuzi Tang (Artemisiae Scopariae and Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata Decoction) treats yin jaundice, serving as a general agent for yin patterns. Each is used as the sovereign herb according to cold or heat patterns.

[Flavor and Nature] Bitter in flavor, cold in nature, non-toxic. It is yin within yang.
[Indications] Treats Guan Ge (obstruction and reversal) and various types of strangury with obstruction, where urination is blocked. Drives out pathogenic factors reversing in the bladder. Mainly treats five types of strangury and amenorrhea.

[Flavor and Nature] Pungent in flavor, cold in nature, non-toxic. (Use the flower branches with leaves removed from the four sides using a clip knife; for every jin [approx. 500g], stir-fry with 4 liang [approx. 125g] of sheep fat until the fat is fully absorbed.)
[Indications] Benefits essence and qi, strengthens sinews and bones, treats numbness and loss of sensation in the four limbs, drives out all kinds of cold wind. It is a herb for the Hand-Yangming Large Intestine Meridian, Foot-Yangming Stomach Meridian, Sanjiao (Triple Burner), and Mingmen (Gate of Life). It is suitable for those with deficiency of true yang.