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[Flavor and Nature]
Acrid, warm, non-toxic. The therapeutic action can ascend or descend. It belongs to the category of Yang within Yin. It enters the Hand and Foot Taiyin (Lung and Spleen) meridians.

[Indications]
Treats lochia stasis (residual blood after childbirth). Promotes the circulation of Qi stagnation in the blood vessels, and blood stasis caused by Qi stagnation. Therefore, it is miraculous for treating lower abdominal pain due to Heart Qi disorders. It unblocks Kidney Qi and has immediate effects on unblocking collaterals. It stops the colic pain of dysentery; its efficacy is beyond description.

[Flavor and Nature]
Acrid, warm, non-toxic. It is Yang. It serves as a guiding herb for the Yangming meridians. It circulates through the Hand and Foot Yangming meridians, and also enters the Hand Taiyin (Lung) meridian.

[Indications]
Wind pathogens. Stops thirst and vomiting. Treats "Head Wind" invading the eyes, tearing upon exposure to wind, dizziness, itchy eyes, red eyes, and eyelid fleshy growths. Treats sores, ulcers, scabies, and tinea. Expels pus and promotes muscle regeneration.
Aversion (to Inula Flower / Xuan Fu Hua)

[Flavor and Nature]
Bitter, neutral, warm, non-toxic. Enters the Foot Shaoyin (Kidney) meridian.

[Indications]
Breaks blood stasis and stops bleeding. Tonifies deficiency caused by traumatic injuries, fractures, or toxic vapors. Treats tinnitus and chronic diarrhea due to Kidney deficiency. Also treats toothache.

[Flavor and Nature]
Bitter, acrid, non-toxic. Its nature floats and ascends. It is Yang. It is a wind-dispelling herb for the Hand and Foot Taiyang (Bladder and Small Intestine) meridians.

[Indications]
Treacherous wind (external wind pathogen), excessive itching, blood leprosy (skin diseases like leprosy), inability to move hands and feet, facial paralysis (crooked mouth and eyes), generalized numbness and bi-syndrome, red and painful eyes. Thus, it is said that "nothing large is not unblocked, nothing small is not entered." Regarding headache: The Great Yang (Taiyang) meridian travels from head to foot. Only the Jueyin meridian and the Du Mai (Governing Vessel) intersect at the vertex. When rebellious Qi ascends, the Qi of all Yang meridians cannot descend, causing headache. In the formula Xie Qing Wan (Drain the Green Pill), Qiang Huo (Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix) is used because its potent Qi can enter the Taiyang meridian and harmonize with the Jueyin meridian.

[Flavor and Nature]
Sour, warm, non-toxic. Enters the Blood aspect of the Hand and Foot Taiyin (Lung and Spleen) meridians.

[Indications]
Damp-bi syndrome, beriberi (Hong Kong foot), severe vomiting and diarrhea due to cholera-like disease (Huo Luan), and persistent muscle cramps. Harmonizes Ying (Nutritive) and Wei (Defensive) Qi, assists Gu Qi (Grain Qi), dispels dampness and harmonizes the Stomach, nourishes the Spleen and benefits the Lung. It can gather Qi when it collapses and regulate Qi when it stagnates. Kou Zhi stated: Papaya obtains the upright Qi of Wood. Its sour flavor enters the Liver, thus benefiting tendons and blood. For weakness in the waist, kidneys, legs, and knees, it is indispensable. Some ask: Papaya's indications for cholera with vomiting/diarrhea, cramps, and beriberi are all Spleen/Stomach diseases, why is it said to treat the Liver? This is because cold-dampness invades and damages the Spleen and Stomach, leading to tendon spasms, which necessarily originate in the calf (Fei). The calf and Zong Jin (Major Tendon) belong to the Yangming. Using the sour and warm nature of Papaya to gather the dispersion of Spleen and Lung Qi, and relying on its ability to reach the tendons to pacify Liver evil, this is "draining Wood from Earth to assist Metal." When Wood is peaceful, Earth rules effectively, and Metal receives its shade. Is this not treating the Liver to benefit the Spleen and Stomach?