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[Odor and Flavor]
Bitter, neutral in nature, slightly toxic.

[Indications]
Treats various diseases in children. Includes various types of convulsions and epilepsy (Jingxian), alternating chills and fever, trismus (lockjaw). Treats adult mania (Diankuang), stroke with aphonia (loss of voice). Clears Heart heat, transforms phlegm, cools to calm fright, and resolves phlegm. Indicated for varicella with purple lesions, mania, and delirium. Generally, the formation of "Huang" (calculus) in cattle occurs due to pathogenic factors condensing between the Heart and the Liver/Gallbladder. Therefore, it can also treat diseases of the Heart and Liver/Gallbladder. In cases where wind-stroke pathogens have entered the Zang organs, preparations containing Niuhuang (Calculus Bovis), Xionghuang (Realgar), Nao (Camphora), and She (Moschus) must be used. These substances penetrate deep into the bone marrow and skin to expel wind. However, if wind strikes only the Fu organs or the vessels and collaterals, Niuhuang is contraindicated, as it may inadvertently draw wind pathogens deeper into the bone marrow, resembling oil penetrating flour, from which they cannot be extracted.

[Odor and Flavor]
Bitter, cold in nature, non-toxic. It is a herb entering the Jueyin channel.

[Indications]
Its efficacy specializes in killing parasites, clearing heat, brightening the eyes, and calming the Heart. It treats pediatric epilepsy and convulsive disorders (Jingfeng). It dispels the Five Kindling diseases (Wugang) and eliminates the Three Corpses (Sanshi, parasitic entities causing disease). When ground into powder and applied to teeth, it is highly effective. It treats damp tinea with exudation of yellow fluid.

[Odor and Flavor]
Pungent and bitter, cold in nature, non-toxic. Its properties relate to Fire, Earth, and Water. Its nature is light and ascending, entering the Heart and Pericardium collateral.

[Indications]
Nourishes blood and directs Qi downward. Promotes tissue regeneration and stops bleeding. Breaks up stagnant blood. Treats Yang toxicity. Dispels frequent pain caused by lower gastrointestinal bleeding.

[Odor and Flavor]
Sweet, extremely cold in nature, non-toxic. Ginger juice serves as its guiding vehicle. (To extract Zhuli [Bamboo Sap], it is best to use Dan Ku Zhu [light bitter bamboo]. Cut the bamboo into segments five to six cun long, place them in bottles inverted, position a vessel underneath to catch the drip, and apply fire around the bottle to force the sap out.)

[Indications]
Treats Wind-Bi obstruction, excessive heat in the chest, relieves irritability and oppression. Treats Xiao Ke (wasting-thirst syndrome) and Lao Fu (relapse after illness due to overexertion). Nourishes blood and clears phlegm. For wind-phlegm and deficiency-phlegm located in the diaphragm and chest, causing mania; or for phlegm lodged in the meridians, limbs, or within the subcutaneous fascia, this substance is the only one capable of reaching these depths. It treats Zi Mao Feng (wind-strike during pregnancy). It detoxifies She Wang poison. Whenever Yin deficiency generates internal heat, Zhuli, being sweet and mild in action, can clear severe heat arising from Yin deficiency. Its cold nature possesses a tonifying quality, similar to the cold-tonifying property of Shanyao (Dioscoreae Rhizoma). The term "extremely cold" refers to its potent efficacy, not merely its thermal nature. Its slippery nature helps resolve phlegm, but without the aid of ginger juice, it cannot circulate effectively. Various formulas utilize it for conditions such as obstetric injuries, metal wounds, trismus, spontaneous sweating due to blood deficiency, wasting-thirst, and polyuria. All these are considered Yin deficiency patterns, for which Zhuli is invariably used. However, for individuals with cold-dampness, Spleen/Stomach deficiency, or loose stools, administration may damage the digestive system.