荆芥,味辛、苦,气温,浮而升,阳也,无毒。能引血归经,清头目之火,通血脉,逐
邪气
,化瘀血,除湿痹,破结聚,散疮痍。治产后血晕有神,中风强直,亦能见效。但入之血分
之药中,使血各归经,而不至有妄行之虞;若入之于气分药中,反致散气之失。荆芥性升,
与柴胡、升麻相同,乃柴胡、升麻入之补气之中,能提气以升阳,而荆芥独不能者,以荆
芥虽升而性浮动,补阳之药,尤恶动也,血过凝滞,荆芥之浮动则易流,所以可引之以归经
。气易散乱,荆芥之不更助其动乎。气过动必散,此所以不可用之于补气之药耳。
或问荆芥引经,走血分甚速,走气分甚迟,前人言之,而子尚未阐扬,愿畅谈之。曰∶
荆芥
本阳药,而非阴药。阳入阴则行速,阳入阳则行迟。夫阳属气,而阴属血。血行迟,而气行
速。荆芥入血而速者,乃血行迟,而若见荆芥之行速也;荆芥入气而迟者,乃气行速,若见
荆芥则行迟也。非荆芥走血分甚速,气分独迟也。
或问荆芥引血归经,亦有引之而不归经者乎?夫荆芥炒黑,则引血归经,生用则引气归
经。
引血归经者,有益于血者;引气归经者,有益于气。有益于血者,血无乱动之虞;益于气者
,气有过动之失。气过动,而血不能静矣,故用荆芥必须黑炒也,炒黑以治,无不归经也。
或问荆芥亦能入肾乎?荆芥何能入肾也。虽然用之补肾药中,未尝不可入肾,但必须炒至纯
黑,则肾属黑,正可同色以相入。夫荆芥之药,本不必引入肾经。盖肾有补而无泻也,虽肾
亦有感邪之日,祛肾中之风邪,风药原无几味,与其药用 、防己之类以伐肾中之邪,不
若用炒黑荆芥,虽散邪,而不十分耗正之为得也。
Jingjie (Schizonepetae Herba), with pungent and bitter flavors, is warm in nature. It floats and ascends, belonging to Yang, and is non-toxic. It can guide blood back to the meridians, clear fire from the head and eyes, unblock blood vessels, expel pathogenic factors, resolve stasis, dispel damp-bi, break up accumulations, and dissipate sores. It is effective in treating postpartum syncope due to blood deficiency and stiffness caused by wind-stroke. However, when combined with herbs that regulate the Blood level, it helps blood return to its proper channels, preventing reckless bleeding; if combined with herbs that regulate the Qi level, it may instead cause the dispersion of Qi. Jingjie has an ascending nature, similar to Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix) and Shengma (Cimicifugae Rhizoma). While Chaihu and Shengma, when added to tonifying Qi formulas, can lift clear Yang, Jingjie cannot do so because, although it ascends, its nature is floating and unstable. Tonifying Yang herbs particularly dislike instability. When blood is stagnant, Jingjie's floating nature facilitates flow, allowing it to guide blood back to the channels. Qi is prone to dispersion; Jingjie's lack of stability would further exacerbate this. If Qi moves excessively, it disperses; thus, Jingjie should not be used in tonifying Qi formulas.
One asked: "Jingjie guides medicinal action into the meridians very quickly in the Blood level but slowly in the Qi level. This was stated by predecessors, but you have not elaborated on it. Please explain." The response was: "Jingjie is fundamentally a Yang herb, not a Yin herb. When Yang enters Yin, movement is fast; when Yang enters Yang, movement is slow. Qi belongs to Yang, and Blood belongs to Yin. Blood moves slowly, while Qi moves quickly. Jingjie appears fast in the Blood level because Blood moves slowly, making Jingjie seem fast by comparison. Jingjie appears slow in the Qi level because Qi moves quickly, making Jingjie seem slow by comparison. It is not that Jingjie moves very fast in the Blood level and exclusively slow in the Qi level."
One asked: "Does Jingjie sometimes fail to guide blood back to the meridians?" The response was: "When Jingjie is stir-fried until black, it guides blood back to the meridians; when used raw, it guides Qi back to the meridians. Guiding blood back benefits the Blood, preventing reckless movement. Guiding Qi back benefits the Qi, preventing excessive agitation. If Qi agitates excessively, Blood cannot remain calm. Therefore, Jingjie must be stir-fried until black for treatment, ensuring all actions return to the proper channels."
One asked: "Can Jingjie enter the Kidney meridian? How can Jingjie enter the Kidney?" The response was: "Although it can enter the Kidney when added to Kidney-tonifying formulas, it must be stir-fried until pure black, as the Kidney corresponds to the color black, allowing entry through similarity of color. Jingjie does not inherently need to be guided into the Kidney meridian. The Kidney is only suited for tonification, not purgation. Although the Kidney can be affected by pathogens, there are few wind-dispelling herbs suitable for the Kidney. Rather than using herbs like Qianghuo (Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix) or Fangji (Stephaniae Tetrandrae Radix) to attack pathogens in the Kidney, it is better to use stir-fried black Jingjie. It disperses pathogens without excessively depleting healthy Qi, which is more appropriate."