（人）凉血逐瘀
血余（专入肝心。兼入肾）。味苦微温。据书载能补肾壮气。然总不如地茱参耆为补精
补气之
最耳。（素问曰。肾之华在发。王冰注云。肾主髓。脑者髓之海。发者脑之华。脑减则发素
。滑寿注云。水出高源。故肾华在发。发者血之余。血者水之类也。今方家叫发为血余。盖
本此也。叶世杰草木子云。精之荣以须。气之荣以眉。血之荣以发。类苑云。发属心。禀火
气而上生。须属肾。禀水气而下生。眉属肝。禀木气而侧生。故男子肾气外行而有须。女子
宦人则无须。而眉发不异也。）又载功能疗惊痫。理咳嗽。固崩带。止血晕血痢血淋。舌血
鼻血。暨转胞不通。及涂疮疥。入膏敷毒。治皆有效。（时珍曰。发者血之余。埋之土中。
千年不朽。煎之至枯。复有液出。误食入腹。变为瘕虫。 治服饵。令发不白。此正神化之
应验也。）然总皆属通关开窍。凉血散瘀生新之品。（子母秘录治小儿斑疹。用发灰饮。服二
钱。治小儿两角生疮。用发灰三钱。饮汁服。）若胃虚用之。多有吐泻之弊。皂荚洗。 用
。
血为人身之宝。安可言下。然有血瘀之极。积而为块。温之徒以增热。凉之或以增滞。
惟取
疏动走泄。苦咸烈毒之品。以为驱逐。则血自尔不凝。按书所载破血下血。药类甚众。要在
审症明确。则于治方不谬。如症兼寒兼热。内结不解。则宜用以莪术桃仁郁金母草以为之破
。取其辛以散热。苦以降结之意也。瘀气结甚。则宜用以斑蝥干漆以为之降。取其气味猛烈
。得以骤解之意也。寒气既除。内结滋甚。则宜用以丹参郁李没药姜黄三七紫菀柴参贯众以
为之下。取其苦以善降。不令内滞之意也！寒气既除。瘀滞不化。则宜用以蒲黄苏木以为之
疏。取其气味宣泄。不令郁滞之意也至有借食人血以治血。则有虻虫水蛭可用。借其咸味引
血下走。则有茜草血竭瓦楞紫贝 虫鳖甲可取。借其质轻灵活不滞。则有莲藕花蕊石可投。
借其阴气偏布可解。则有螃蟹蚯蚓可啖。借其酸涩咸臭以解。则有皂矾五灵脂可入。惟有苦
温而
破。则又更有刘寄奴等味。但刘寄奴自然铜古文钱三七血竭没药 虫。则于跌仆损伤而用。
蚯蚓则于解毒而用。丹参则于血瘀神志不安而用。水蛭虻虫桃仁。则于蓄血而用。花蕊石则
于金疮血出而用。五灵脂益母草蒲黄。则于妇人血滞而用。茜草则于妇人经闭不解而用。瓦
楞子则为妇人块积而用。斑蝥则为恶疮恶毒而用。郁金则为血瘀胞络痰气积聚而用。莪术则
为
血瘀积痛不解而用。郁李仁则为下气行水破血而用。干漆则为铲除老血蛊积而用。紫贝则为
血蛊水积而用。贯众则为时行不正而用。鳖甲则为劳热骨蒸而用。紫参则为血痢痈肿而用。
姜黄则为脾中血滞而用。苏木则为表里风起而用。皂矾则为收痰杀虫除湿而用。生藕则为通
调津液而用也。至于斑蝥干漆三七水蛭虻虫 虫螃蟹瓦楞子花蕊石。尤为诸剂中下血败血之
最。用之须当审顾。不可稍有忽略。以致损人元气于不测中也！
(Human Hair) Cools blood and expels stasis.
Human hair specifically enters the Liver and Heart meridians, and additionally enters the Kidney meridian. Its taste is bitter, and its nature is slightly warm. According to texts, it can tonify the Kidney and strengthen Qi. However, it is generally not as effective as Di Huang (Rehmanniae Radix), Shan Zhu Yu (Corni Fructus), Ren Shen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma), and Huang Qi (Astragali Radix) in tonifying essence and Qi. (*Su Wen* states: The flourishing of the Kidney manifests in the hair. Wang Bing commented: The Kidney governs marrow, the brain is the sea of marrow, and hair is the flourishing of the brain. When brain marrow decreases, hair becomes white. Hua Shou commented: Water originates from high sources, thus the Kidney's flourishing manifests in hair. Hair is the surplus of blood; blood is a category of water. Hence, physicians call hair "Blood Remainder" (Xue Yu), likely based on this. Ye Shijie in *Caomu Zi* said: The flourishing of essence appears in beard, the flourishing of Qi in eyebrows, and the flourishing of blood in hair. *Lei Yuan* states: Hair belongs to the Heart, inheriting Fire Qi to grow upward; beard belongs to the Kidney, inheriting Water Qi to grow downward; eyebrows belong to the Liver, inheriting Wood Qi to grow sideways. Thus, men have beards due to external flow of Kidney Qi, while women and eunuchs do not, yet eyebrows and hair remain similar.) It is also recorded that it treats fright and epilepsy, regulates cough, secures metrorrhagia and leukorrhea, stops bleeding from dizziness, bloody dysentery, painful urinary dysfunction with blood, tongue bleeding, and epistaxis, as well as strangury with inability to urinate. Applied topically, it treats sores and scabies; incorporated into plasters, it detoxifies. All treatments are effective. (Li Shizhen said: Hair is the surplus of blood. Buried in soil, it does not decay for a thousand years. Boiled until dry, liquid still exudes. If mistakenly ingested, it transforms into parasites. Used in tonics, it prevents hair whitening, which is indeed a miraculous verification.) However, these functions all belong to herbs that unblock orifices, cool blood, dissipate stasis, and generate new tissue. (*Zimu Milu* treats infantile rubella using ash of hair taken with water, two qian; treats sores on both corners of the head using three qian of hair ash taken with juice.) If used by those with Spleen-Stomach deficiency, it often causes vomiting and diarrhea. It should be washed with Gao Jia (Gleditsiae Sinensis Spina) before use.
Blood is the treasure of the human body; how can one speak of it descending? However, when blood stasis reaches an extreme, accumulating into masses, warming alone merely increases heat, while cooling may increase stagnation. One must select herbs that promote movement and drainage, possessing bitter and salty flavors and potent toxicity, to drive out the stasis, so that blood naturally ceases to coagulate. According to texts, there are many categories of herbs that break blood and induce descent. The key lies in clearly diagnosing the syndrome, ensuring the treatment formula is not erroneous. For instance, if symptoms involve both cold and heat with internal knotting that does not resolve, it is appropriate to use E Zhu (Curcumae Rhizoma), Tao Ren (Persicae Semen), Yu Jin (Curcumae Longae Rhizoma), and Yi Mu Cao (Leonuri Herba) to break the stasis, utilizing their acridity to disperse heat and bitterness to descend knots. If Qi-stasis knotting is severe, Ban Mao (Mylabris) and Gan Qi (Lacca Resina) should be used to descend, leveraging their potent aroma and flavor for rapid resolution. Once cold qi is eliminated but internal knotting worsens, Dan Shen (Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma), Yu Li Ren (Pruni Semen), Myrrh, Jiang Huang (Curcumae Longae Rhizoma), San Qi (Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma), Zi Wan (Asteris Radix), Dan Shen (repeated in text, likely referring to another herb or emphasis), and Guan Zhong (Dryopteridis Crassirhizoma) should be used to purge, relying on bitterness to descend effectively without causing internal stagnation! Once cold qi is eliminated and stasis fails to transform, Pu Huang (Typhae Pollen) and Su Mu (Sappan Lignum) should be used to dredge, utilizing their dispersing aroma and flavor to prevent郁滞 (stagnation). As for treating blood disorders by borrowing human blood consumption, Meng Chong (Tabanidae) and Shui Zhi (Hirudo) can be used. To borrow salty flavor to guide blood downward, Qian Cao (Rubiae Cordifoliae Radix), Xue Jie (Daemonorops Resin), Wa Leng Zi (Arcae Shell), Zi Bei Chi (Tridacnidae Testudo), E Chong (Pheretima), and Bie Jia (Testudinis Carapax et Plastrum) can be selected. To borrow lightness and agility without stagnation, Ou Jie (Nelumbinis Plumula) and Hua Rui Shi (Pyritum) can be employed. To borrow Yin energy distribution for resolution, Xie Pang (Portunus) and Qiu Yin (Lumbricus) can be ingested. To borrow sour, astringent, salty, and foul odors for resolution, Zao Fan (Ferrum Sulfas) and Wu Ling Zhi (Trogopteri Dung) can be added. Only bitter-warm herbs that break stasis include Liu Ji Nu (Artemisiae Annuae Herba), etc. Specifically: Liu Ji Nu, Zi Ran Tong (Natural Copper), Gu Wen Qian (Ancient Coins), San Qi, Xue Jie, Myrrh, and E Chong are used for traumatic injuries; Qiu Yin is used for detoxification; Dan Shen is used for blood stasis causing mental restlessness; Shui Zhi, Meng Chong, and Tao Ren are used for accumulated blood; Hua Rui Shi is used for traumatic bleeding; Wu Ling Zhi, Yi Mu Cao, and Pu Huang are used for female blood stagnation; Qian Cao is used for amenorrhea in women; Wa Leng Zi is used for abdominal masses in women; Ban Mao is used for malignant sores and toxins; Yu Jin is used for blood stasis in the uterus, phlegm-Qi accumulation; E Zhu is used for unresolved blood stasis and pain; Yu Li Ren is used to descend Qi, move water, and break blood; Gan Qi is used to eliminate old blood and蛊积 (parasitic accumulation); Zi Bei Chi is used for blood蛊 and fluid accumulation; Guan Zhong is used for epidemic pathogens; Bie Jia is used for labor fever and bone-steaming; Zi Shen (likely Zhi Mu or similar, text says Zi Shen) is used for bloody dysentery and carbuncles; Jiang Huang is used for Spleen blood stagnation; Su Mu is used for wind affecting interior and exterior; Zao Fan is used to collect phlegm, kill parasites, and remove dampness; Sheng Ou (Raw Lotus Rhizome) is used to regulate fluids. Among them, Ban Mao, Gan Qi, San Qi, Shui Zhi, Meng Chong, E Chong, Xie Pang, Wa Leng Zi, and Hua Rui Shi are the most potent among various formulas for descending blood and destroying stasis. Their use requires careful consideration of the patient's condition, avoiding negligence that might inadvertently damage vital Qi.