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The stems and leaves of mustard primarily treat conditions by promoting diuresis, clearing the orifices, and brightening the eyes and ears. They warm the middle jiao (middle energizer), direct rebellious qi downward, stop coughing, eliminate cold qi from the interior, unblock the lungs, resolve phlegm, benefit the diaphragm, and stimulate appetite.

White Mustard Seed (Baijiezi)
Its functions are the same as those of the stems and leaves of mustard, but the efficacy of White Mustard Seed is particularly strong; therefore, both may be used.
Formula: Baijiezi Wan (White Mustard Seed Pill). Ingredients include Baijiezi (White Mustard Seed) and Mubiezi (Strychnos nux-vomica seed, stir-fried with bran and ground into powder), Guixin (Cinnamon Twig) and Muxiang (Aucklandiae Radix) each at 5 qian. These are ground into fine powder. Take 1 qian per dose, mixed with warm wine. It treats disorders of the circulation of Ying and Wei (nutritive and defensive qi), where phlegm stagnates in the meridians causing arm pain radiating to the back or spleen region, resembling paralysis, in patients with weak Middle Qi. This can be supplemented with Buzhong Yiqi Tang (Tonify the Middle and Augment the Qi Decoction); for patients with Qi and Blood deficiency, supplement with Bazhen Tang (Eight Treasures Decoction); for patients with stagnant Spleen Qi, supplement with Guipi Tang (Restore the Spleen Decoction); for patients with Liver channel disorders due to anger, supplement with Xiaoyao San (Free and Easy Wanderer Powder).

(Attached Formula) Buzhong Yiqi Tang (Tonify the Middle and Augment the Qi Decoction): Zhi Huangqi (Honey-fried Astragali Radix) 1 qian, Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma) 3 fen (remove if cough is present), Zhi Caoshao (Licorice Root) 5 fen, Dangguishen (Angelicae Sinensis Radix body, processed with wine), Shengma (Cimicifugae Rhizoma) and Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix) each 2 fen, Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, stir-fried with soil). Decoct and take orally. It treats Qi deficiency, shortness of breath, rebellious Qi and asthma, internal injury due to overwork, Yin deficiency with fever, and head swelling. It is applicable to all syndromes belonging to Spleen and Stomach weakness and insufficient Yuan Qi (Original Qi), as well as cases where excessive use of detoxifying herbs for sores and ulcers has led to insufficiency of Middle Qi.

Bazhen Tang (Eight Treasures Decoction): Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix, mixed with wine), Chuanxiong (Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma), Baishao (Paeoniae Radix Alba, stir-fried), Shudi (Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata, mixed with wine), Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma), Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, stir-fried), Fuling (Poria) each 1 qian, Dazao (Jujubae Fructus) 2 pieces. Decoct until one-eighth remains, and take before meals. It treats Yin deficiency with internal heat, Spleen and Stomach damage, gynecological conditions such as pregnancy, childbirth, and metrorrhagia, and combined Qi and Blood deficiency. It harmonizes Ying and Wei, and nourishes Qi and Blood.

Guipi Tang (Restore the Spleen Decoction): Dangguishen (Angelicae Sinensis Radix body, washed with wine) 1 qian, Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma) and Baifushen (Poria cocos, stir-fried and ground) each 2 qian, Qingmuxiang (Aquilariae Lignum Resinatum) and Zhi Caogao (Licorice Root, honey-fried) each 5 fen, Yuanzhi (Polygalae Radix) 1 qian. Add 3-5 slices of Shengjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens) and 1-2 pieces of Hongzao (Jujubae Fructus). Decoct with water and take orally. It treats Spleen injury due to worry and overthinking, Blood deficiency with fever, poor appetite, physical fatigue, or Spleen deficiency failing to control blood leading to spontaneous bleeding, spontaneous sweating, night sweats, limb swelling and pain, irregular bowel movements, or irregular menstruation in women. If there is heat in the Heart and Spleen channels, sores fail to form scabs, scar tissue appears red, or lip sores exude fluid and cannot dissipate or heal, this formula may also be used.

Xiaoyao San (Free and Easy Wanderer Powder): Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix, stir-fried) 7 fen, Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, steamed with honey), Fuling (Poria), Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix) each 1 qian, Baishao (Paeoniae Radix Alba, wine-fried) 1.5 qian, Zhi Cao (Licorice Root, honey-fried) and Chenpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium) each 8 fen, Boheye (Menthae Haplocalycis Herba) 5 fen, Weijiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens, baked) 3 slices. Cut the herbs, decoct with water, and take hot before sleep or when half-hungry. It treats heat-type cough, pain in the hypochondrium, distending pain in the umbilical region, heavy sensation in the lower abdomen, irregular menstruation in women, and a pulse that is wiry, large, and deficient.