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Shanzao (Southern Jujube), also known as Zangzao.
Produced in Chachang, Dongyang County, Jinhua, Zhejiang, those with a transparent color like blood and seven pieces linked together measuring one chi in length are considered the best; aged ones are used for medicinal purposes.
*Huanyou Biji* records: The jujubes produced in Chachang, Dongyang County, Jinhua, are as large as fists, with cores sharp and fine like millet seeds, detaching easily upon peeling, possessing a clear, sweet, fragrant, and crisp taste, thus renowned throughout the world. A few trees still existed in the mid-Ming Dynasty, but this variety has now become extinct. Only various townships in the southeast plant them on high, dry land; although not as superior as those from Chachang, they are still the finest among other regions. Their processing methods vary: unripe fruits are struck and washed with hot water to change their color, called "Tanghong" (Soup Red), which turns purple when dried; ripe fruits are called "Shutouhong" (Tree-top Red), turning cinnabar red when dried; overripe fruits are boiled again in the remaining juice, resembling maltose in color and taste, called "Tangzao" (Sugar Jujube), which is prized for fresh consumption rather than drying. There is also a type of thorny jujube, smaller and rounder, with a taste superior to ordinary jujubes.
*Wuli Xiaoshi* records: Southern jujubes originate from Lanxi; they can be detected by shaking, with flesh separating from the core, having a sweet and slightly sour taste, warm nature, and tonifying properties; the red color enters the Heart, and the sour flavor astringes the Liver.
*Boji Danfang* records: For an eye disease named "Hongxian Suomu Gan" (Red Line Locking Eye Dryness), the treatment method is to take twenty-one kernels of Southern jujube, cut each kernel in half, remove the germ, clean thoroughly, fill the holes with Cupri Acetas (Basic Copper Acetate), reassemble the kernel, seal tightly with paper, burn in a furnace until red-hot, remove, cover with a bowl to preserve its nature. Use only seven daily, grind into an extremely fine powder, mix with breast milk from a male infant, and apply to the affected area; effectiveness is seen within three days.
Intestinal bleeding (Changhong): Five Southern jujubes combined with two qian of Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix), decocted in water, taken at wugeng (3-5 AM); miraculous effect.
Another prescription from *Bu Yao Liang Fang*: Ten Southern jujubes combined with one liang of Huaimi (Sophorae Flos bud), decocted together; consume the jujubes after removing the Sophora flowers, three times daily leads to recovery.
Hemorrhoids: *Jiusheng Kuhai* records: One Southern jujube (pitted), one turtle head bone (crushed), fill the jujube flesh with Cupri Acetas (Basic Copper Acetate), tie tightly, burn until smoke ceases, bury in soil to preserve nature, grind finely; wash with decoction of Begonia autumnalis, then apply the medicine mixed with water; resolves within three days.
Removal of ticks: *Jiting* records: Remove the pit from a large Southern jujube, insert Mercury, roast over fire for fumigation.
Zouma Yagan (Running Horse Gum Rot): *Bu Yao Liang Fang* records: Burn aged Southern jujube kernels to ash, grind into powder, and sprinkle on the affected area.
Zaoshen Wan (Jujube and Ginseng Pill): *Xingyuan Lu* records: Take ten large Southern jujubes, steam until soft, peel and remove pits, combine with one qian of Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma), wrap in cloth, steam thoroughly in a rice cooker until mushy, mash evenly into pills the size of marbles, store for use; most rapid for tonifying Qi.
Xianguo Bujifang (Immortal Fruit Satiety Formula): *Xingyuan Lu* records: One jin of large Southern jujubes, ten good dried persimmons, half a jin of peeled sesame seeds stir-fried, half a jin of glutinous rice flour stir-fried; grind the sesame seeds into fine powder; steam the jujubes and persimmons in rice, remove, peel, remove pits and stems, mash thoroughly, mix with the sesame and glutinous rice powders, mash evenly into pills, dry and store; adding Ginseng is even better.
*Benjing Fengyuan* states: In ancient prescriptions, Dazao (Large Jujube) always referred to Hongzao (Red Jujube), chosen for its ability to release the exterior when raw; for spleen-tonifying formulas, Nan-zao (Southern Jujube) should be used, chosen for its sweetness to benefit fluids; Heizao (Black Jujube) promotes dampness and generates internal fire, damages teeth, and causes worms, making it unsuitable for medicinal use.