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*Note: The original text contains several missing characters (indicated as [missing character] or implied by context). The translation below reflects the available information, using standard WHO terminology where applicable. Due to the fragmented nature of some sentences in the source, the English translation aims for semantic completeness based on TCM logic.*

**Dian Lüe**: Mentou beans resemble ordinary beans, growing as vines; the seeds are as large as chestnuts with spotted patterns. Chewing and applying them to malignant sores is effective. However, their nature is rapid and toxic; accidental ingestion causes vomiting and diarrhea, potentially leading to death. *Wu Za Zu* states: In Yunnan, there is a "Divine Yellow Bean" resembling Chinese gallnut (Galla Chinensis), which induces loose stools in children, though its efficacy is not significant.

*Wu Za Zu* also notes: Originating from the Western Regions, it resembles Toona sinensis seeds. When ground and mixed into flour, it has an intense fragrance and can resolve the toxicity of wheat/flour products.

**Huan You Bi Ji**: In Yongchang Prefecture, Yunnan, there is a "Blue-Flower Bean" imported from outside regions by ethnic minorities for trade; it treats sores.

Beans originating from Qingyang and Zhenning in Gansu have a sweet and neutral flavor and can detoxify various medicines.

Ye Fengyuan in *Bencao Congxin* records: Fine black soybeans, also known as [missing char] bean, are commonly called Liaodou (Feed Bean) in folklore. Currently, people use them to feed horses, hence the common name "Ma Liaodou" (Horse Feed Bean). *Hangzhou Fu Zhi* records: The fine variety of black soybean is called [missing char] bean; the fine and flat variety is called Lingwu Dou, commonly known as Ma Liaodou, which can fatten horses. *Bencao Congxin* states: The small-sized black soybean is called Ma Liaodou. Although small, Liaodou is elongated and slightly flat, distinct from the shape of regular black soybeans, suggesting it may be a different species. *Bencao Gangmu*, under the entry for [missing char] bean, only records its ability to dispel wind-bi syndrome and treat postpartum cold blood stasis, omitting all other functions. These are supplemented here.

It has a sweet and warm flavor and is non-toxic. It strengthens tendons and bones, stops night sweats, tonifies the Kidney, invigorates blood, brightens the eyes, and benefits essence. It enters the Blood aspect of the Kidney Meridian. Steamed with Qingyan (Green Salt), Hanlian Cao (Eclipta Herba), and Heshouwu (Polygoni Multiflori Radix Praeparata), consuming only these black beans prevents graying of hair and beard, demonstrating its Kidney-tonifying power. Modern practitioners use it to process Heshouwu to guide the medicine into the Kidney Meridian. Stir-fried until scorched and steeped in wine, it treats Head Wind (Toufeng) and Hong Kong Foot (Zu Xuan/Podagra), as it directly reaches the Blood aspect of the Kidney Meridian. Boiled as juice and taken orally, it resolves the toxicity of Wutou (Aconiti Lateralis Radix), Chuanwu (Aconiti Radix), and Danshi (Mineral drugs).

**Yaoxing Kao**: The Black Soybean in *Shennong Bencao Jing* is the current Ma Liaodou. Its color is black, and its shape resembles human kidneys, thus entering the Kidney Meridian. It nourishes Water and brightens the eyes. Excessive consumption causes heaviness in the body, recovering after one year; long-term consumption lightens the body. This is not the black soybean found in Huadou (variegated beans). One must avoid castor seeds, Houpo (Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex), and pork when consuming beans. A rhyme states: Black soybean is sweet, kidney-shaped, thus tonifying the Kidney, suitable for medicinal use; it is horse feed, boiled for cold conditions, stir-fried for heat, harmonizes the middle, directs Qi downward, stops dysentery and spasms, promotes urination and reduces distension, pursues wind and invigorates blood, raw powder applied externally reduces swelling, swallowing stops thirst, and detoxifies everything; decocted with Licorice, it treats internal injury and leukorrhea, postpartum diseases, brightens eyes, and beautifies complexion, beneficial in preparation. Another rhyme states: [Missing char] bean is small black bean, called Donkey Bean due to its size, distinct from Ma Liaodou, treating postpartum blood-wind cold pain; its grains are finer than Ma Liaodou. Rhyme: [Missing char] bean is black and small, sweet flavor expels evil wind, cold bi and blood stasis, soaked in wine and blended.

**Yusuoweng Shiji**: Small black beans boiled with salt; long-term consumption greatly tonifies the Kidney. **Shiqin Shujian**: [Missing char] bean tonifies the five Zang organs and benefits the Middle Jiao, assists the twelve meridians, harmonizes the middle, warms the stomach and intestines, eliminates "ghost qi," and relaxes tendons.

**Zixuzi Swallowing Bean Method**: Clean and dry black Liaodou, store in a clean bottle. Start with one grain daily, swallowed raw with plain water. Increase by one grain each day until reaching 100 grains on the 100th day. Continue with 100 grains daily thereafter. Initially, if digestion is poor, check stool; if beans are digested, increase gradually; if not, maintain the dose until digestion improves before increasing. This method benefits essence and marrow, strengthens strength, moistens skin, turns white hair black, reverses aging, and prevents phlegm diseases lifelong.

**Jiusheng Kuhai** has the "Chang'e Flying to the Moon" formula, similar to Zixuzi's method but following the lunar cycle: 1 grain on the 1st day, increasing daily to 15 grains on the 15th (Full Moon), then decreasing daily to 1 grain on the last day (New Moon), then increasing again. Slightly different from Zixuzi's, included for reference.

**Boiled Liaodou Formula**: Ming Dynasty Imperial Physician Liu Yude, in *Zengbu Neijing Shiyi*, Volume 4, *Seed Theory*, records: For the elderly, to darken beard/hair, strengthen teeth, and brighten eyes: Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix) 4 qian, Chuanxiong (Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma), Guangpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium), Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma), Baishao (Paeoniae Radix Alba), Danpi (Moutan Cortex), Juhua (Chrysanthemi Flos) each 1 qian; Duzhong (Eucommiae Cortex) stir-fried, Huangqi (Astragali Radix - inferred) each 2 qian; Niuxi (Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix), Shengdi (Rehmanniae Radix), Shudi (Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata) each 4 qian; Qingyan (Green Salt) 6 qian; Shouwu (Polygoni Multiflori Radix), Gouqizi (Lycii Fructus) each 8 qian. Boil together with Horse Liaodou until thoroughly cooked, dry, remove herbs, and consume the beans.

**Xi Compound Formula**: Horse Liaodou 5 sheng, Sangshen (Mori Fructus) 0.5 jin, Gouqizi 4 liang, Rongzhrong (Cistanches Herba) 0.5 jin (cut筋 with bamboo knife), Qingyan and Longgu (Fossilia Ossis Mastodi) each 2 liang. Boil with beans, dry together with herbs, store in jar. Frequent consumption greatly tonifies.

**Lu Yiru Family Formula**: Heshouwu 1 jin (boiled in Liaodou juice or old wine, nine steams and nine sun-dryings), Gouqizi 1 jin (wine-steamed, dried, powdered, mixed, dried), Horse Liaodou 1 dou (boil 5 sheng Liaodou for juice, use juice to boil beans, dry, nine steams/dryings, or use good wine), Tusizi (Cuscutae Semen) 1 jin (wine-boiled, dried, roasted), Buguzhi (Psoraleae Fructus) 1 jin (wine-washed, roasted), Zhen Chuanjiao (Sichuan Pepper) 4 liang (dried, roasted), Qingyan 2 liang, Chuan Niuxi 1 jin (wine-boiled, roasted), refined honey to make pills.

**Another Formula**: Heshouwu 2 jin, Qingyan 1 liang, Zaoren (Ziziphi Spinosae Semen), Duzhong, Gouqizi each 2 liang; Yuanzhi (Polygalae Radix), Xiaohuixiang (Foeniculi Fructus), Chenpi each 1 liang; Rongzhrong, Yiren (Coicis Semen), Xiangfu (Cyperi Rhizoma), Baifuling (Poria), Chuanxiong each 2 liang; Wuweizi (Schisandrae Fructus), Niuxi, Buguzhi, Mugua (Chaenomelis Fructus) each 1.5 liang; Guishen (Angelicae Sinensis Radix) 3 liang, Rougui (Cinnamomi Cortex) 5 qian, Fangji (Stephaniae Tetrandrae Radix) 1.2 liang, Gancao 8 qian, Small Black Beans 1 dou. Boil herbs in water many times, strain dregs, use herb juice to boil beans until liquid is absorbed, dry. Take 100 grains with boiling water.

**Yanling Guangsi Immortal Formula**: Huaishengdi (prepared with wine), Heshouwu (boiled with wine), Hanliancao (Ecliptae Herba), Luxiancao (Pyrolae Herba - substitute with Yin Yang Huo if genuine is rare) each 3 liang, allocated according to four seasons; Dry Yam (processed with milk), Dangguishen (wine-fried), True Qingyan each 1 liang, allocated according to Spring/Autumn Equinoxes; Shichangpu (Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma), Tusizi, Rongzhrong (wine-soaked, membrane removed), Buguzhi, Wujiaopi (Acanthopanacis Cortex), Gusuibu (Drynariae Rhizoma), Huainiuxi (Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix), Bai Ganju (Chrysanthemi Indici Flos), Yuanduzhong (wine-fried, silk removed), Gouqizi, Shechuangzi (Cnidii Fructus), Huaiaozizi (Sophorae Tonkinensis Fructus), Jinyingzi (Rosae Laevigatae Fructus), Fupenzi (Rubiae Fructus), Chuan Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma), Jian Zexie (Alismatis Rhizoma) each 5 qian, allocated according to 16 solar terms. Total 24 ingredients correspond to 24 solar qi. Remove Qingyan, decoct remaining herbs to half volume, strain. Decoct dregs again to half, strain clear liquid, mix concentrated liquids. Add Horse Liaodou 3.7 sheng, Nuzhenzi (Ligustri Lucidi Fructus) 1.7 sheng, calculated according to Yin/Yang qi, Solstice/Equinox, and celestial degrees (remainder 0.5 sheng for leap adjustment). Boil many times. Grind Qingyan finely, add, boil until liquid is absorbed. Dry beans, store in porcelain. Take 4 qian every morning with boiling water. Can be chewed when hungry while traveling. This formula follows Yin/Yang 24 solar qi and celestial degrees, achieving balanced tonification. Long-term use darkens hair/teeth regrow, improves senses, strengthens limbs, tonifies Yang/Kidney, restores origin, increases fertility and longevity, potentially leading to immortality. Especially suitable for Kidney deficiency with dim vision, upper excess/lower deficiency.

**Four Treasures Great Divine Pill - Family Treasure Formula**: Treats Five Exhaustions and Seven Injuries. Avoid pungent/spicy foods and sexual activity during treatment. Horse Liaodou 5 sheng (processed with bathhouse oil 9 times), Huangqi (human milk processed 7 times) 8 liang, Bai Danggui (wine-washed) 4 liang, Jinyingzi 2 dou (remove inner seeds/hairs, outer thorns, wash, boil into paste, add child's urine 1-2 cups at end). Mix first three ingredients with Jinyingzi paste, make pills like wisteria seeds. Take 3 qian with Longyan Tang.

Brightens eyes, tonifies Kidney, treats bone/tendon pain.

**Non-Medicine Good Prescription**: 12 small red dates (washed, stems removed), Ganzhou Gouqizi 3 qian, small Horse Liaodou 4 qian. Boil 2 bowls water to 1 bowl. Eat with soup on empty stomach in morning.

**Cure Malaria**: Leftover black Liaodou from processing Heshouwu can cure malaria. For every-other-four-day malaria, boil beans in water and drink.

**Cut Three-Day Malaria**: Zhu Mu Gui (Cassiae Lignum), Gancao, Binglang (Arecae Semen) each 3 qian, small black beans 49 grains. Boil in wine and water (2 bowls each) slowly to 2 bowls. Drink 1 bowl warm and cover up to sleep on the night before onset. Save 1 bowl, take 2 hours before next onset, warm and covered. Avoid cold/raw food, fatigue, wind/cold. Avoid chicken, mutton, beef egg whites, hyacinth beans for half a month to prevent recurrence.

**Secret Recipe Collection**: Treat malaria: Binglang, Luobozhong (Radish Seed), Changshan (Dichroae Radix), Gancao each 1 qian, 4 red dates, 7 Wumei (Mume Fructus). Horse Liaodou: 1 grain per year of age. Boil in 2 bowls water to 1 bowl. Avoid meat/oil for 3 days to prevent recurrence.

**Phlegm Asthma/Emergency Breathing**: *Tongshou Lu*: Hollow a pear, fill center with small black beans, replace lid, tie tightly, bake in chaff fire until cooked, mash into cakes. [Text fragment].

**Stroke/Jaw Lock**: *Wentang Jiyan Fang*: 1 sheng Horse Liaodou, boil to thick syrup consistency. Hold in mouth to restore speech.

**Black and White Pills**: Treats abdominal masses, opens appetite, aids digestion, strengthens Spleen/Kidney. *Baicao Jing*: Horse Liaodou and Cijili (Tribuli Fructus, de-spined) each 1 jin, stir-fry, grind to powder. Take 3 qian with boiling water.

**Yin Syndrome Purple/Black Hands & Feet**: *Jiyan Fang*: 3 he Black Liaodou, stir-fry until cooked, boil in good wine, drink hot. Adding green onion roots is better.

**Night Sweats**: *Wentang Jiyan Fang*: 7 Lotus Seeds, 7 Black Dates, Fumai (Floating Wheat), Horse Liaodou each 1 he. Boil in water, take 3 doses to cure.

**Kidney Deficiency Lower Back Pain & Yin Deficiency Dim Vision**: *Huoren Shu*: Use Kidney-shaped Black Cowpeas and Horse Liaodou each 1 liang, boil in water with little salt. [Text fragment: Fifth watch].

**Yin Deficiency Dim Vision/Old Age Blindness**: *Huoren Shu*: Horse Liaodou, Ganzhou Gouqizi, Nuzhenzi each 10 liang (exclude Nuzhenzi for simple Yin deficiency). Grind, make honey pills like wisteria seeds. Take 2-3 qian morning/evening. Effective.

**Red/White Leukorrhea**: Peel White Fruit (Ginkgo), boil, preserve in honey. Eat 7 pieces early morning, then eat 1 liang stir-fried Horse Liaodou with plain water. Cure in few days.

**Pregnancy Lower Back Soreness**: *Chan Jia Yaolan*: 2 he Horse Black Beans, stir-fry until scorched, boil in 1 big bowl white wine to 0.7 portion. Take on empty stomach.

**Postpartum Stroke, Jaw Lock, Staring Eyes, Opisthotonos**: Yao Xizhou Collection: Stir-fry Black Liaodou until extremely scorched in pot, pour in hot yellow wine, drink for immediate effect. Follow with Huisheng Dan for full recovery.

**Hua Zhenjun Three Bean Soup for Smallpox**: Yang Chunya Verified Formula: Mung beans, Red Rice Beans, Horse Liaodou in equal parts. Boil soup for children daily to induce eruption. Mash and apply topically to dissipate toxin.

**Smallpox Wind/Rotting Eyes**: *Jiyan* says: For wind rotting eyes, use 1 pickled white plum (pitted), add little Lvfan (Chalcanthite), 30 Sichuan peppercorns, clamp between two coins, tie with ramie fiber, soak in rainwater to heal. If caused by smallpox, add 1 Horse Liaodou grain per year of age to the water.

**Eye Medicine Pill Formula**: Zhou Family Treasure: 1 sheng Horse Liaodou, 4 liang stir-fried Chan Tui (Cicadae Periostracum, wine-washed), 4 liang Muzei Cao (Equiseti Herba, nodes removed), 1 jin stir-fried Tusizi, 4 liang dried Gan Juhua, 1 jin Cijili. Grind all to powder, make water pills. Take 2-3 qian at night with boiling water; for elderly, use Longyan Tang.

**Various Tinea/Fungal Infections**: Chen Biejia Bin, former Imperial Hospital official, had a formula: Place Horse Liaodou in a clay pot, secure lid with wire mesh to prevent spilling. Place pot upside down over a hole in a high-rimmed fire basin. Surround with dry horse manure. Ignite fire under pot base. Place brick under basin bottom to create air gap, set a bowl underneath to catch oil. Simmer until beans char, oil drips into bowl like lacquer. Apply to tinea; cures in 3 applications.

**Resolve Drug Toxicity**: For overdose causing facial/head edema, lip cracking/bleeding, or abdominal fullness/pain below navel: Boil Horse Liaodou and Mung beans (4 liang each) together, drink with beans until cured.

**Poison from Fuzi, Chuanwu, Tianxiong, Banmao**: *Bu Yao Liang Fang*: Decoct Horse Liaodou and drink to resolve.

**Bean Leaves Treat Tumors**: *Ji Jiu Fang*: Epidermoid cysts on back of neck. Mash Horse Liaodou leaves and Bixie (Vetiveria Root? Context suggests aromatic herb) together, apply to site. Tumor softens and disappears; if broken, let it heal naturally.