（《纲目》）
【释名】黑兜虫。
【集解】
时珍曰∶九香虫，产于贵州永宁卫赤水河中。大如小指头，状如水黾，身青黑色。至冬
伏于石下，土人多取之，以充人事。至惊蛰后即飞出，不可用矣。
【气味】咸，温，无毒。
【主治】膈脘滞气，脾肾亏损，壮元阳（时珍）。
【发明】时珍曰∶《摄生方》∶乌龙丸∶治上证，久服益人，四川何
方∶用九香虫一两（半生、焙），车前子（微炒）、陈橘皮各四钱，白术（焙）五钱，杜仲（酥
炙）八钱。上为末，炼蜜丸梧桐子大。每服一钱五分，以盐白汤或盐酒服，早晚各一服，此
方妙在此虫。
（《海药》）
【集解】
李 曰∶按∶《南州记》云∶海蚕生南海
粉状。每有节，难得真者，彼人以水搜葛粉、锻石，以梳齿印成伪充之。纵服无益，反能损
人，宜慎之。
沙
【气味】咸，大温，无毒。
【主治】虚劳冷气，诸风不遂。久服补虚羸，令人光泽，轻身延年不老
（《纲目》）
【释名】雪蛆。
【集解】
时珍曰∶按叶子奇《草木子》云∶雪蚕生阴山以北，及峨嵋山北，人谓之雪蛆。二山
积雪，历世不消。其中生此，大如瓠，味极甘美。又王子年《拾遗记》云∶员峤之山有冰蚕，
长六、七
投火不燎。尧时海人献之，其质轻暖柔滑。按∶此亦雪蚕之类也。
【气味】甘，寒，无毒。
【主治】解内热渴疾（时珍）。
(From *Bencao Gangmu* / Compendium of Materia Medica)
[Names] Heidou Chong (Black Pocket Bug).
[Collected Explanations]
Li Shizhen stated: Jiuxiang Chong (Stink Bug) is produced in the Chishui River, Yongning Guard, Guizhou. It is as large as a little finger, resembling a water strider (*Gerridae*), with a bluish-black body. In winter, it hides under stones; local people often capture them to offer as tribute to the court. After the Awakening of Insects (Jingzhe) solar term, they fly out and are no longer usable.
[Aroma and Flavor] Salty, warm, non-toxic.
[Indications] Stagnant Qi in the chest, diaphragm, and epigastrium; Spleen and Kidney deficiency; strengthening Yuan Yang (Primordial Yang) (Li Shizhen).
[Elucidation] Li Shizhen stated: In *Shesheng Fang* (Prescriptions for Regulating Life), there is Wulong Wan (Black Dragon Pill): used to treat the above conditions; long-term consumption benefits the human body. The prescription from He Fang in Sichuan uses: Jiuxiang Chong (one liang, half raw, half roasted), Cheqianzi (Plantaginis Semen, slightly stir-fried), Chenjupi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium aged) each four qian, Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, roasted) five qian, Duzhong (Eucommiae Cortex, processed with su/animal fat) eight qian. These are ground into powder, mixed with refined honey to form pills the size of paulownia seeds. Each dose is one qian five fen, taken with salted clear water or salted wine, morning and evening. The efficacy of this formula lies in this insect.
(From *Haiyao Bencao* / Materia Medica of Sea Medicines)
[Collected Explanations]
Li Xun stated: According to *Nanzhou Ji*, Haican (Sea Silkworm) grows in the South Sea and appears in powder form. It has distinct segments, but genuine specimens are rare. Locals mix Ge Fen (Puerariae Radix starch) and Duanshi (calcined minerals) with water, pressing comb-like marks onto it to forge and pass off as fake. Even if consumed, it provides no benefit and may harm the body; caution is advised.
[Aroma and Flavor] Salty, very warm, non-toxic.
[Indications] Deficiency-wasting with cold qi; various wind syndromes causing limb dysfunction. Long-term consumption tonifies deficiency and emaciation, imparts luster to the complexion, lightens the body, prolongs life, and prevents aging.
(From *Bencao Gangmu* / Compendium of Materia Medica)
[Names] Xuequ (Snow Maggot).
[Collected Explanations]
Li Shizhen stated: According to Ye Ziqi’s *Caomu Zi*, Xuecan (Snow Silkworm) grows north of Yinshan and north of Mount Emei; people call it Xuequ. Snow on these two mountains persists through generations without melting. This creature lives within, as large as a gourd, with an extremely sweet and delicious taste. Additionally, Wang Zi Nian’s *Shiyi Ji* records that on Mount Yuanqiao, there is Bingcan (Ice Silkworm), six or seven cun long, which does not burn when thrown into fire. During the reign of Emperor Yao, sea dwellers presented it; its texture was light, warm, soft, and smooth. Note: This also belongs to the category of Xuecan.
[Aroma and Flavor] Sweet, cold, non-toxic.
[Indications] Resolving internal heat and thirst-related diseases (Li Shizhen).