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(Genomic Materia Medica)
[Correction] Originally appended under the entry for Ligustrum lucidum (Nüzhen), now separated.
[Names] Dongqing (Frozen Green).
Zang Qi stated: It remains verdant in winter, hence named Dongqing. People in Jiangdong call it Dongqing.
[Collected Explanations] Zang Qi stated: The wood of Ilex cornuta (Dongqing) is white with grain resembling an ivory tablet (Hu). Its leaves can be used to dye crimson red. Li Yong said: Dongqing grows in Wutai Mountain; its leaves resemble those of Toona sinensis (Chun), and its fruits are red like Prunus humilis (Yuli), with a slightly sour taste and hot nature. This differs slightly from the above description and should be two different species of Dongqing.
Shizhen stated: Dongqing is also a variant of Ligustrum lucidum (Nüzhen), occasionally found in mountains. However, those with slightly rounder leaves and red fruits are called Dongqing, while those with long leaves and black fruits are Ligustrum lucidum (Nüzhen). According to: "Jiu Huang Ben Cao" states: The Dongqing tree is about one zhang high, resembling Ilex cornuta (Gougu) but extremely lush. Also, its leaves resemble those of Crataegus pinnatifida (Zhazi) but smaller, and also resemble Toona sinensis (Chun) leaves but narrower with a rather round, non-pointed tip.
In May, it opens small white flowers and bears fruits the size of beans, red in color. Its tender shoots, when blanched and soaked in water to remove bitterness, washed clean, and seasoned with five flavors, are edible. The fruits and bark...
[Flavor and Toxicity] Sweet, bitter, cool, non-toxic.
[Indications] Infused in wine, it dispels wind-deficiency and nourishes the skin and flesh. The bark has the same efficacy (Zang Qi).
[Attached Prescriptions] One new prescription. Hemorrhoids: On the Winter Solstice, take the fruits of the Dongqing tree, soak them in salt wine overnight, steam nine times and sun-dry nine times, store in a bottle. Swallow seventy pills with wine on an empty stomach daily, and take again before bed (Ji Jian Fang).
Leaves
[Indications] Burned to ash and added to facial cream, it treats chapped skin and frostbite, eliminates scars, with remarkable effect (Su Song).

(Genomic Materia Medica)
[Correction] Originally appended under the entry for Ligustrum lucidum (Nüzhen), now separated.
[Names] Mao'er Ci (Cat's Thorn).
Zang Qi stated: The wood of this tree is white, like dog bones.
Shizhen stated: The leaves have five thorns, resembling a cat's paw, hence the name. Additionally, Euonymus alatus (Weimao) is also named Gougu, sharing the same name.
[Collected Explanations] Zang Qi stated: The Gougu tree resembles Eucommia ulmoides (Duzhong). The Book of Songs says "There is Gougu in the southern mountain," referring to this. Lu Ji's Commentary on the Poems states: It is a mountain tree.
Its shape resembles Rhamnus davuricus (Lu); the wood grain is white and smooth, suitable for making book covers or boards. There are horse flies within the leaves, curling up like seeds, which hatch into flies.
Song stated: It grows mostly in Jiangsu and Zhejiang. Southerners use it to make turned boxes and vessels, which is excellent.
Shizhen stated: The Dog Bone Tree resembles Ligustrum lucidum (Nüzhen), with very white wood grain. Leaves are two to three cun long, verdant, thick, hard, with five horn-like thorns, evergreen. In May, it opens small white flowers. The fruits resemble those of Ligustrum lucidum (Nüzhen) and Smilax glabra (Baqie), ripening in September to a crimson-red color, with thin skin and sweet taste, and kernels having four lobes. People collect its bark, boil it into a paste, and use it to catch birds and sparrows, called sticky glue.
Bark
[Flavor and Toxicity] Slightly bitter, cool, non-toxic.
[Indications] Infused in wine, it tonifies the waist and legs, making them strong (Zang Qi).
Branches and Leaves
[Flavor and Toxicity] Same as the bark.
[Indications] Burned to ash to extract juice or boiled into a paste, applied topically to treat vitiligo (Zang Qi).