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[Correction] Transferred from the Wood section to this section.
[Names] Zang Qi said: Zhuyu (Cornus officinalis) is found everywhere in the north and south; for medicinal use, those produced in Wu are considered best, hence the name "Wu".
Li Shizhen said: The meaning of the characters "Zhuyu" is unclear. "Yu" has two pronunciations: Yu and You.
[Collection of Explanations] *Mingyi Bielu* (Record of Famous Physicians) states: Wuzhuyu (Evodiae Fructus) grows in the valleys of Shanggu and Yuanju. It is harvested on the ninth day of the ninth lunar month and dried in the shade.
Su Song said: It is now found everywhere, especially abundant in Jiangzhe and Shuhan. The tree is over one zhang high, with greenish-blue bark. The leaves resemble those of Toona sinensis but are broader and denser, appearing purple. In the third lunar month, it opens small red-purple flowers. In the seventh and eighth lunar months, it bears fruit resembling Sichuan pepper; when tender, it is slightly yellow, turning deep purple when ripe. Some say: Those with tight, small grains that remain greenish-green for a long time are Wuzhuyu; those with large grains that turn yellow-black over time are edible Zhuyu. This may not be entirely correct. According to *Zhou Chu's Fengtu Ji*: Customs esteem the ninth day of the ninth lunar month as the "Upper Nine"; by this day, Zhuyu becomes potent and ripe with red color, and its fruits can be plucked and inserted into the hair to ward off evil qi and cold. Also, *Xu Qixiang Ji* states: Huan Jing of Runan followed Fei Changfang in learning the Dao. Fei Changfang told him: On the ninth day of the ninth lunar month, disaster will strike your home; you should leave quickly, each making a crimson bag to hold Zhuyu and tie it to the arm, climbing high to drink chrysanthemum wine, and this misfortune can be avoided. Huan Jing did as he said, taking his whole family up a high mountain. Returning in the evening, they saw chickens, dogs, cattle, and sheep all dying suddenly. Hearing this, Fei Changfang said: These animals died in their place. Thus, people climb high and drink wine on this day, wearing Zhuyu bags, originating from this event.
Li Shizhen said: Zhuyu branches are soft and plump, leaves are long and wrinkled, and fruits cluster at the tips without pits, differing from Sichuan pepper. One type has large grains, another small; the smaller ones are superior for medicinal use. *Huainan Wanbi Shu* states: It is suitable to plant Zhuyu above wells; if leaves fall into the well, drinking this water prevents epidemics.
[Preparation] Lei Xiao said: When using, remove leaves and stems. For every ten liang, add two liang of salt to four dou of flowing water from the east, wash it one hundred times, naturally removing saliva, then sun-dry for use in pills and powders. If using vinegar-boiled method, for every ten liang, use one yi of vinegar, boil thirty times, then add Zhuyu and dry it.
Chen Cheng said: When using Wuzhuyu, it must be soaked in deep hot water seven times to remove bitter acrid juices before drying and use.
[Flavor and Toxicity] Acrid, warm, slightly toxic. Li Quan said: Acrid, bitter, very hot, toxic.
Li Haogu said: Acrid, bitter, hot. Both flavor and qi are dense, belonging to Yang containing Yin. Half-floating, half-sinking; enters the Foot Taiyin channel blood level, Shaoyin and Jueyin channel qi level.
Sun Simiao said: Aged material is good; closed-mouthed ones are toxic. Overconsumption damages spirit, causes qi fluctuation, and throat obstruction.
Li Shizhen said: Acrid and hot, moves qi and stirs fire, blurs vision, and causes sores.
Xu Zhicai said: Polygonum multiflorum fruit is its guiding herb. It dislikes Salvia miltiorrhiza, Natrii Sulfas, and Kaolin; fears Fluorite.
[Indications] Warms the middle and directs qi downward, relieves pain, expels dampness and blood bi, drives out wind pathogenic factors, opens interstices, treats cough with reverse flow of qi, alternating cold and heat (*Shennong Bencao Jing*). Benefits the five zang organs, eliminates phlegm-cold and reverse qi, indigestion, various cold cramping pains in heart and abdomen, sudden evil invasion, heart and abdominal pain (*Mingyi Bielu*). Treats cholera with tendon twitching, stomach cold with vomiting/diarrhea/abdominal pain, postpartum heart pain, generalized bi painful obstruction, weak waist and legs, promotes large intestine qi movement, intestinal wind and hemorrhoids, kills three types of parasites (Zhen Quan). Kills toxic insects, dental caries caused by worms, ghostly epidemic qi (Zang Qi). Expels residual blood postpartum, treats kidney qi and podagra edema, unblocks joints, restores yang and strengthens spleen (Meng Shen). Mainly treats dysentery, stops diarrhea, thickens intestines and stomach, nourishes and strengthens (Meng Shen). Treats fullness blocking chest, throat obstruction, moistens liver and dries spleen (Li Haogu). Opens depression and transforms stagnation, treats acid regurgitation, Jueyin phlegm-saliva headache, yin...
[Elucidation] Su Song said: Duan Chengshi stated that Sichuan pepper's qi tends to descend, while Zhuyu's qi tends to ascend. Saying it harasses the diaphragm, it should not be used as a daily food medicine; thus, overconsumption harms eyes and causes hair loss.
Chen Cheng said: This substance descends qi most rapidly; those with empty intestines will suffer worse effects.
Zhang Yuansu said: Flavor and qi are dense, floating yet descending, Yang containing Yin. Its uses are threefold: eliminates fullness and reverse qi in the chest, stops cold-induced pain in heart and abdomen, resolves lingering alcohol toxicity, and serves as a guiding herb for Amomum kravanh seed.
Wang Hao said: When turbid yin does not descend and jue qi rebels upward, causing throat obstruction where eating leads to open mouth and staring eyes, with yin-cold blockage preventing qi movement up and down, this disease leads to cold in the middle, abdominal distension, and diarrhea. One should use the bitter-hot nature of Wuzhuyu to drain rebellious qi; its effect is miraculous, irreplaceable by other herbs. Do not use excessively, lest it damage original qi.
Li Haogu said: Disease of the Chong vessel involves reverse qi and interior urgency, best treated by this. Zhen and Kun combined show green color. Therefore, Zhang Zhongjing's Wuzhuyu Tang and Danggui Sini Tang formulas, treating Jueyin diseases and warming spleen/stomach, both use this herb.
Li Shizhen said: Zhuyu is acrid-hot, capable of dispersing and warming; bitter-hot, capable of drying and firming. Thus, its indications all rely on its ability to disperse cold, warm the middle, dry dampness, and resolve depression. Case: *Zhu Shi Jiyan Fang* states: Vice Minister Chang Zizheng suffered from phlegm-fluid retention, recurring every ten days after full meals or weather changes, with headache, back cold, vomiting sour fluid, lying bedridden for days without eating, ineffective with medicines. Early Xuanhe period, as Shunchang Silu, at the banquet of Prefect Cai Da dao, he obtained the Wu Xian Dan formula and took it, never recurring again. Whenever overeating caused abdominal fullness, taking 50-70 pills resolved it. Soon after, urination carried Zhuyu aroma, and alcohol/drinks passed via urine. Many previous phlegm medicines were inferior. Use Wuzhuyu (soaked in boiling water seven times) and Poria equal parts, powder them, honey-pilulate like wutong seeds. Take 50 pills with cooked water. Mei Yangqing's formula: Soak Zhuyu in wine for three nights, mix with Poria powder, sun-dry. Swallow 100 pills with warm wine. For mouth/throat ulcers, mix Zhuyu powder with vinegar, apply to sole of foot, heals overnight. Though hot-natured, it guides heat downward, following the principle of contrary treatment; saying Zhuyu only ascends is incorrect. Someone treated infantile smallpox with locked jaw by chewing 1-2 grains of Zhuyu and applying it, opening immediately, utilizing its acrid dispersion.
[Attached Formulas] Old 24, New 22.
Wind itching bi: Zhuyu one sheng, wine five sheng, boil to obtain one and a half sheng, wash warmly, stops immediately. (Meng Shen *Shiliao*) Plague wind facial deviation, inability to speak: Zhuyu one sheng, ginger and fermented soybean three sheng, clear wine five sheng, boil together five times, cool and take half sheng, three times a day, slight sweating indicates cure. (Same source)
Winter cold invasion: Wuzhuyu five qian. Decoct in water, take to induce sweat.
Head wind pain: Decoct Zhuyu into strong soup, soak cotton, frequently wipe hair roots. Good. (*Qianjin Yifang*)
Vomiting saliva/headache: Wuzhuyu Tang: Use Zhuyu one sheng, jujube twenty pieces, fresh ginger one da liang, Ginseng one liang, water five sheng, decoct to obtain three sheng. Take seven he per dose, three times daily. (Zhang Zhongjing Formula)
Vomiting with chest fullness: Formula same as above.
Podagra rushing to heart: Grind Wuzhuyu and fresh ginger into juice, drink. Very good. (Meng Shen Formula)
Kidney qi rising hiccups: Kidney qi rises from abdomen, strikes throat, reverse qi continuous unable to exit, or up to dozens of sounds, unable to breathe up or down. Caused by cold damaging stomach wall, kidney deficiency with reverse qi surging to stomach, merging with qi. *Nanjing* calls this hiccup. *Suwen* says: Severe disease manifests as hiccup. Take this formula. If not stopping, moxibustion Qimen, Guanyuan, Shenshu points. Use Wuzhuyu (vinegar-fried hot), Tangerine Peel, Aconite Root (peeled) each one liang, powder, wheat paste pill wutong seed size. Take 70 pills with ginger soup. (Sun Shi *Rencun Fang*)
Yin poison typhoid, cold limbs: Use Zhuyu one sheng, moisten with wine, two silk bags, wrap and steam extremely hot, alternate pressing soles of feet. Wait for qi penetration,
Sudden evil heart/abdominal pain: Wuzhuyu five he. Wine three sheng, boil, divide into three doses. (
Cold pain in heart/abdomen: Formula same as above. (*Qianjin*)
Cold qi abdominal pain: Wuzhuyu two qian ground, mixed with one zhong of wine. Use one cup of sesame oil, heat in pot, pour Zhuyu-wine mixture into pot, boil once, take to stop immediately. (Tang Yao *Jingyan Fang*)
Spleen original qi pain, unbearable intermittent attacks: Use Zhuyu one liang, Peach Kernel one liang. Stir-fry Zhuyu until scorched, remove Zhuyu, take Peach Kernels remove skin/tips, grind fine, three scallion whites, roast熟, soak in wine, take warm. (*Jingyan
Cold hernia coming and going: Wuzhuyu one liang, fresh ginger half liang, clear wine one sheng, decoct warm, divide doses. (*Zhouhou Fang
Small intestine hernia: Duoming Dan: Treats long-standing recent small intestine hernia, unilateral swelling pulling pain, umbilical grasping pain causing confusion, external testicle swelling/hardening growing daily, and genital wet itching becoming sores. Use Wuzhuyu (remove stems) one jin, divided into four parts: four liang soaked in wine, four liang in vinegar, four liang in water, four liang in child's urine soaked overnight, bake dry together, Alisma two liang, powder, wine paste pill wutong seed size. Take 50 pills, swallow with empty-stomach salt water or wine. *Ruyi Fang* names it Xingdou Wan. (*Heji Jufang*)
Infant kidney retraction caused by cold at birth: Use Wuzhuyu, Sulfur each half liang. Grind with garlic, apply to abdomen; fumigate with Cnidium smoke.
Woman with genital cold for ten years infertile: Use Wuzhuyu, Sichuan Pepper each one sheng. Powder, honey-pill bullet size. Wrap in silk, insert into vagina, change twice daily. Once uterus opens, pregnancy occurs. (*Jingxin Lu*)
Intestine prolapse: Zhuyu three sheng, wine five sheng, decoct to obtain two sheng, divide three doses. (*Bingbu Shouji*)
Vinegar qi attacking heart like strong vinegar: Use Zhuyu one he, water three zhan, decoct to seven tenths, take in one dose. Recently someone felt heart pierced, took this, did not recur for twenty years. Repeatedly effective. (Same)
Acid regurgitation after eating due to stomach qi deficiency/cold: Wuzhuyu (boiled seven times, baked), Dried Ginger (roasted) equal parts. Powder, take one qian with water. (*Shenghui Fang*)
Tendon twitching entering abdomen: Zhuyu (fried) two liang, wine two zhan, decoct to obtain one zhan, divide two doses. Relief upon passage. (*Shengji Lu*)
Cholera dry vomiting unceasing: Wu
Chronic spleen diarrhea: Common in elderly, called water-earth assimilation. Wuzhuyu three qian soaked, decoct in water, add little salt, drink through. Zhuyu warms bladder, water pathway
Visceral cold diarrhea, fatigue reduced appetite: Wuzhuyu (boiled, fried), pig intestine half strip, remove fat/wash clean, fill tightly, simmer cooked,
Slippery dysentery unceasing: Formula same as above.
Watery dysentery: Wuzhuyu (soaked, fried), Coptis Rhizome (fried) each two qian, decoct in water, take. Repeat if not stopping. (*Sheng
Red-white dysentery: *Heji Jufang* Wuji Wan: Treats spleen/stomach dampness, dysentery abdominal pain, undigested rice/grain. Use Wuzhuyu, Coptis Rhizome, White Peony Root each one liang, stir-fry together, powder, steamed cake pill wutong seed size. Take 20-30 pills with rice water. *Baiyi Xuanfang* Bentong Wan: Treats red-white dysentery day/night unlimited, intestinal wind bleeding. Use Coptis Rhizome two liang, Wuzhuyu two liang (boiled seven times), stir-fry fragrant, separate into powders, millet rice pill wutong seed size, store separately. Take 30 pills per dose. Red dysentery, swallow Coptis pill with licorice water; white dysentery, swallow Zhuyu pill with dried ginger water; red-white, take 15 each with rice water. Passed from Shan Chunlao of Zhexi Heshan to Su Taoguang, saves many lives. Deng Bifeng *Zaxing Fang* Erse Wan: Treats dysentery and watery intestinal wind. Use Wuzhuyu two liang, Coptis Rhizome two liang, stir-fry fragrant, separate into powders. Mix Hundred Grass Frost powder two liang with Coptis to make pill; mix White Peony Root powder two liang with Zhuyu to make pill. Rice pill wutong seed size, store separately. Take 50 pills: Red dysentery, swallow Lian-Shuang with dark plum water; white dysentery, swallow Zhu-Shao with rice water; red-white, take half of each.
Red dysentery umbilical pain: Swallow Zhuyu with black bean soup. (*Qianjin Fang*) Intestinal hemorrhoid constant blood, lower part itching/pain like insect bite: Dig pit, burn red, pour wine, grind Zhuyu two sheng into pit, sit on perforated board over hot fumes, descend when cool. Not more than 3-4 times cures. (*Zhouhou Fang*)
Abdominal mass: Grind Zhuyu three sheng, mix with wine cook熟, wrap in cloth press on mass. Cool, re-fry hot, alternate pressing. As mass moves, follow pressing.
Postpartum night sweats, aversion to cold: Zhuyu size of chicken egg. Wine three sheng, soak half day, decoct and take. (*Qianjin Yi*)
Mouth ulcers/gum rot: Zhuyu powder, mix with vinegar, apply to sole of foot, heals overnight. (*Jijian Fang*)
Throat pain: Formula same as above.
Toothache: Decoct Zhuyu in wine, gargle. (Meng Shen *Bencao*)
Infant head sore: Wuzhuyu, fry scorched, powder, add little calomel, mix with lard/vinegar, apply. (*Shenghui Fang*)
Infant blister sore: Also named fire-burn sore, fire-rot sore. Decoct Zhuyu in wine, wipe. Good. (*Bingbu Shouji*)
Old/young wind rash: Formula same as above. (*Qianjin*)
Carbuncle/back eruption/breast abscess various toxins: Use Wuzhuyu one sheng, grind to powder. Mix with vinegar, apply to cloth, paste. (*Waitai Miyao*)
Genital wet itching: Decoct Wuzhuyu in water, frequent wash for effect. (Same)
Bone stuck in flesh not exiting: Chew Zhuyu, seal wound, bone will rot out. (Meng Shen *Shiliao*)
Fish bone in abdomen, piercing pain not exiting: Decoct Wuzhuyu in water one zhan, take warm, bone will soften and exit. If not, repeat. (Same)
Snake bite toxic sore: Use Wuzhuyu one liang powder. Mix with cold water, divide three doses, immediate peace. (*Shengjin Fang*)
Shoulder carbuncle/white baldness: Both use Wuzhuyu salt-soaked, fry/grind, mix with vinegar, apply. (*Huoyou Kouyi*)
Strange cold/heat disease: Cold/heat unceasing, several days limbs hard as stone, striking like bell/chime sound, daily emaciation. Use Zhuyu, Costus Root equal parts, decoct in water, drink to cure. (Xia Zi Yi Formula)
Leaf
[Flavor and Toxicity] Acrid, bitter, hot, non-toxic.
[Indications] Cholera descending qi, stops cold pain in heart/abdomen. Internal/external testicle drawing pain, grind with salt, compress, miraculous, change when dry. Tendon twitching pound with mugwort, mix with vinegar, compress (Meng Shen). Treats severe cold invading brain, headache, mix leaf with wine, bag steam熟, alternate pillow/press, pain stops as limit (Li Shizhen)
Branch
[Indications] Sudden obstruction of large/small bowel, take southern-growing branch, length of second finger joint, hold in mouth, immediate relief (Su Song. From Yaoengt'an *Jiyan Fang*).
Root and white bark
[Flavor and Toxicity] Same as leaf.
[Indications] Kills three parasites (*Shennong Bencao Jing*). Enterworm. Treats throat obstruction/cough/reverse qi, stops diarrhea, indigestion, residual blood after menstruation/parturition, treats white tinea (*Mingyi Bielu*). Kills dental worms, stops pain (Zang Qi). Treats sudden evil
[Attached Formulas] Old 2, New 2.
Taenia solium: Zhuyu northeast shaded fine root (do not use those finger-thick, wash dirt off) four liang, cut, soak in water/wine one sheng each overnight, dawn divide two doses, expect parasite expulsion. (*Qianjin Fang*)
Liver labor generating parasites, red veins in eyes: Wuzhuyu root (powder) one and a half liang, glutinous rice half he, egg white three, melt wax one and a half liang. Mix pill adzuki bean size. Take 30 pills with rice water, expect parasite expulsion.
Spleen labor fever, parasites in spleen causing illness, frequent vomiting: Take eastern-growing Zhuyu root (large) one chi, hemp seed eight sheng, tangerine peel two liang, three items chewed, wine one dou, soak overnight, gentle fire warm slightly, squeeze dregs, dawn empty stomach take one sheng, expect parasite expulsion, dead or half-rotten, or yellow juice down. When making medicine, strictly avoid speaking. (*Shanfan Fang*)
Kidney heat limb swelling/spasm: Zhuyu root one and a half he, Mulberry Bark three he, wine two sheng, decoct to obtain one sheng, twice daily