（呃，音噫，不平也。有寒有热，有虚有实。其气自脐下冲上，作呃呃声，乃冲脉之病
。世亦呼为咳逆，与古之咳嗽气急之咳逆不同。朱肱以哕为咳逆，王履以咳嗽为咳逆，皆非
也）
【虚寒】〔草谷菜部〕半夏（伤寒呃逆，危证也，以一两，同生姜煎服。） 紫苏（咳逆
短
气，同人参煎服。） 乌头（阴毒咳逆，同干姜等分，研炒色变，煎服。） 缩砂（同姜皮冲
酒
服。） 麻黄（烧烟嗅之立止。） 细辛（卒客忤逆，口不能言，同桂安口中。） 旋复花（心
痞
噫不息，同代赭石服。） 高良姜 酱 苏子 荏子 紫菀 女菀 肉豆蔻 刀豆（病后
呃
逆，连壳烧服。） 姜汁（久患咳噫，连至四五十声，以汁和蜜煎服，三次立效。亦擦背。） 兰
香叶（咳噫，以二两同生姜四两捣，入面四两，椒、盐作烧饼，煨熟食。） 〔果木〕橘
皮
（呃逆，二两，去白煎服，或加丁香。） 荔枝（呃噫，七个烧末，汤下，立止。） 胡椒（伤
寒咳逆，日夜不止，寒气攻胃也，入麝煎酒服。） 毕澄茄（治上证，同高良姜末煎，入少
醋
服。） 吴茱萸（止咳逆。肾气上筑于咽喉，逆气连属不能出，或至数十声，上下不得喘息，
乃寒伤胃脘，肾虚气逆，上乘于胃，与气相并也，同橘皮、附子丸服。） 蜀椒（呃噫，炒
研
糊丸，醋汤下。） 犁木灰（三十年结气咳逆，气从脐旁起上冲，胸满气促郁冒，同麻黄诸
药
丸服。） 石莲子（胃虚呃逆，炒末水服。一加丁香、茯苓。） 子 丁香（伤寒呃逆及哕
逆，
同柿蒂末，人参汤下。） 沉香（胃冷久呃，同紫苏、白豆蔻末，汤服。） 乳香（阴证呃逆，
同硫黄烧烟熏之，或煎酒嗅。） 桂心 〔土石〕伏龙肝（产后咳逆，同丁香、白豆蔻末，
桃仁、茱萸煎汤下。） 代赭石（心痞噫逆。） 硫黄
之。）
【湿热】〔草果〕大黄（伤寒阳证呃逆，便闭者下之，或蜜兑导之。） 人参芦（因气昏
瞀
呃噫者，吐之。） 人参（吐利后，胃虚膈热而咳逆者，同甘草、陈皮、竹茹煎服。） 干柿
（产
后咳逆心烦，水煮呷。） 柿蒂（煮服，止咳逆哕气。） 青橘皮（伤寒呃逆，末服。） 〔木
石〕枳壳（伤寒呃噫，同木香末，白汤服。） 淡竹叶 竹茹 牡荆子 滑石（病后呃噫，
参、
术煎服益元散。）
(E, pronounced "yi", refers to the irregular flow of qi. Etiologies include cold patterns, heat patterns, deficiency patterns, and excess patterns. The qi rushes upward from below the umbilicus, producing a repetitive "e-e" sound; this is a disease of the Chong Mai (Penetrating Vessel). The world also calls it "ke ni" (coughing against the reverse), which differs from the ancient concept of "ke ni" referring to cough accompanied by rapid breathing. Zhu Gong identified "yue" (hiccups/belching) as "ke ni", and Wang Lü identified cough as "ke ni"; both views are incorrect.)
[Deficiency-Cold Pattern] [Herbs and Grains Section] Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma) (Treats e due to Shanghan (Cold Damage); this is a critical condition. Use one liang, decocted with Shengjiang (Fresh Ginger).) Zisu (Perillae Folium) (Treats ke ni with shortness of breath, decocted with Renshen (Ginseng).) Wutou (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata) (Treats ke ni caused by Yin Du (Yin Toxin), equal parts with Ganjiang (Dried Ginger), ground, stir-fried until color changes, then decocted.) Suosha (Amomi Fructus Rotundus) (Taken with Jiangpi (Ginger Peel) washed down with wine.) Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba) (Burned to produce smoke for inhalation; e stops immediately.) Xixin (Asari Radix et Rhizoma) (Treats sudden Ke Wu (Guest Hostility) causing e and inability to speak, placed in the mouth with Guixin (Cinnamon Twig Heart).) Xuanfuhua (Inulae Flos) (Treats Xin Pi (Heart Stagnation) and continuous Yi (belching), taken with Daizhe Shi (Haematitum).) Gaoliangjiang (Galangal Rhizome) Jiang (Sauce) Suzi (Perillae Semen) Renzi (Perilla Seed) Ziwan (Asteris Radix) Nuwan (Anemones Radix) Roudoukou (Myristicae Semen) Daodou (Canavaliae Semen) (For post-illness e, burn the whole pod including shell and take.) Jiangzhi (Zingiberis Juice) (For chronic ke yi lasting 40-50 sounds, decoct juice with honey; three doses yield immediate effect. Also applicable for back rubbing.) Lanxiangye (Litseae Folium) (For ke yi, mash two liang with four liang fresh ginger, add four liang flour, Sichuan pepper, and salt to make baked cakes, roasted and eaten.) [Fruits and Trees] Jupi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium) (For e, use two liang, remove white pith, decoct and take; or add Dingxiang (Caryophylli Flos).) Lizhi (Litchi Chinensis Fruit) (For e yi, burn seven fruits to powder, take with water; e stops immediately.) Hujiao (Piperis Nigris Fructus) (For Shanghan ke ni, unceasing day and night, caused by Cold Qi attacking the Stomach; decoct with She Xiang (Moschus) in wine.) Bichengqie (Schisandrae Fructus) (Treats the above conditions, decoct with powder of Gaoliangjiang, take with a little vinegar.) Wuzhuyu (Evodiae Fructus) (Stops ke ni. When Kidney Qi rushes up to the throat, reverse qi connects but cannot exit, reaching dozens of sounds, preventing normal breathing above and below, this is Cold damaging the Wei Wan (Stomach Epigastrium), Kidney Deficiency causing Qi rebellion, ascending to the Stomach and merging with Qi. Take as pills with Jupi and Fuzi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata).) Shujiao (Zanthoxyli Fructus) (For e yi, stir-fry, grind, make paste pills, take with Vinegar Decoction.) Limu Hui (Pear Wood Ash) (For thirty-year chronic Jie Qi (Qi Knotting) ke ni, Qi rising from beside the umbilicus, chest fullness, shortness of breath, depression and dizziness, take as pills with Mahuang and other herbs.) Shilianzi (Nelumbinis Semen) (For Stomach Deficiency e, roast to powder, take with water. Alternatively, add Dingxiang and Fuling (Poria).) Zi Dingxiang (Caryophylli Flos) (For Shanghan e and yue ni, take with Shidi (Kaki Calyx) powder in Renshen Decoction.) Chenxiang (Aquilariae Lignum Resinatum) (For chronic e due to Cold Stomach, take with Zisu and Baiddoukou (Cardamomi Albi Fructus) powder in water.) Ruxiang (Olibanum) (For Yin Zheng (Yin Syndrome) e, smoke with Liuhuang (Sulfur) or decoct wine for inhalation.) Guixin (Cinnamomi Ramulus) [Minerals and Earths] Fulonggan (Dragon's Liver Soil) (For postpartum ke ni, take with Dingxiang, Baiddoukou powder, Tao Ren (Persicae Semen), and Zhuyu decoction.) Daizhe Shi (Haematitum) (Treats Xin Pi and Yi Ni.) Liuhuang (Sulfur)