（《本经》下品）
【释名】雀瓢（《本经》）。
【集解】《别录》曰∶女青，蛇衔根也。生朱崖，八月采，阴干。
弘景曰∶若是蛇衔根，不应独生朱崖。俗用者是草叶，别是一物，未详孰是？
术云∶带此屑一两，则疫疠不犯，弥宜识真者。又云∶今市人用一种根，形状如续断，
茎
恭曰∶此草即雀瓢也。生平泽。叶似萝摩，两叶相对。子似瓢形，大如枣许，故名雀瓢。
根似白薇。茎叶并臭。其蛇衔都非其类。又《别录》云∶叶嫩时似萝摩，圆端大茎，实黑，
茎叶汁黄白。亦与前说相似。若是蛇衔根，何得苗生益州，根在朱崖，相去万里余也？萝摩
叶似女青，故亦名雀瓢。
藏器曰∶萝摩是白环藤，雀瓢是女青，二物相似，不能分别，终非一物也。
机曰∶萝摩以子言，女青以根言，蛇衔以苗言，三者气味功用大有不同。诸注因其同名
雀瓢，
而疑为一物；又因其各出州郡，而复疑为二物。本草明言女青是蛇衔根，岂可以根苗异地而
致疑？如靡芜、芎 所产不同，亦将分为二物乎？如赤箭、徐长卿同名鬼督邮，亦将合为一
物耶？
时珍曰∶女青有二∶一是藤生，乃苏恭所说似萝摩者；一种草生，则蛇衔根也。蛇衔有
大、小二种∶叶细者蛇衔，用苗茎叶；大者为龙衔，用根。故王焘《外台秘要》龙衔膏，用
龙衔根煎膏治痈肿金疮者，即此女青也。陈藏器言女青、萝摩不能分别，张揖《广雅》言女
青是葛类，皆指藤生女青，非此女青也。《别录
其生朱崖致疑，非矣。方土各有相传不
有男青似女青。此则不知是草生藤生者也。
根
【气味】辛，平，有毒。
权曰∶苦，无毒。蛇衔为使。
【主治】蛊毒，逐邪恶气，杀鬼温疟，辟不祥（《本经》）。
【附方】旧三。
人卒暴死∶捣女青屑一钱，安咽中，以水或酒送下，立活也。（《南岳魏夫人内传》）
吐利卒死，及大人小儿，卒腹皮青黑赤，不能喘息∶即急用女青末纳口中，酒送下。（《子
母秘录》）
辟禳瘟疫∶正月上寅日，捣女青末，三角绛囊盛，系帐中，大吉。（《肘后方》）
(Recorded in the Lower Grade of *Shennong Bencao Jing* [Divine Farmer's Materia Medica])
[Names] Quepiao (from *Shennong Bencao Jing*).
[Collection and Explanation] *Mingyi Bielu* [Additional Records of Famous Physicians] states: Nüqing is the root of Shexian. It grows in Zhuya Commandery, harvested in August, and dried in the shade.
Tao Hongjing said: If it were the root of Shexian, it should not grow exclusively in Zhuya. What is commonly used by the people is the herbaceous leaves, which is a different substance; it is unclear which identification is correct.
*Wu Pu Bencao* states: Carrying one qian of this powdered form prevents epidemic diseases; therefore, one must be careful to identify the true substance. It also states: The root currently used in markets resembles Xuduan (*Dipsaci Radix*).
Su Gong said: This herb is indeed Quepiao. It grows in wetlands and plains. The leaves resemble Luomo (*Metaplexis japonica*), with two leaves growing opposite each other. The fruit resembles a ladle, about the size of a jujube, hence the name Quepiao. The root resembles Baiwei (*Cynanchi Atrati Radix*). Both stems and leaves have an odor. It is completely unrelated to Shexian. Furthermore, *Mingyi Bielu* states: When tender, the leaves resemble Luomo, with round tips and thick stems, black fruits, and yellowish-white sap from stems and leaves. This is similar to previous descriptions. If it were the root of Shexian, how could the sprouts grow in Yizhou while the roots are in Zhuya, separated by over ten thousand li? Luomo leaves resemble Nüqing, thus it is also named Quepiao.
Chen Cangqi said: Luomo is Bairgenteng (*Ampelopsis glandulosa*), and Quepiao is Nüqing. The two substances are similar and hard to distinguish, but they are ultimately not the same thing.
Li Dangzhi said: Luomo is named after its fruit, Nüqing after its root, and Shexian after its seedling. Their flavors and functions differ significantly. Various commentators, due to the shared name "Quepiao," suspected them to be the same substance; conversely, due to their different origins, they suspected them to be different substances. The *Bencao* clearly states that Nüqing is the root of Shexian. How can doubt arise merely because the root and seedling originate from different places? For instance, Miru and Xiongqiong have different origins, yet are they divided into two substances? Chijian and Xuchangqing share the name Guiduyou, yet are they merged into one substance?
Li Shizhen said: There are two types of Nüqing: one is a vine, which corresponds to Su Gong's description resembling Luomo; the other is a herbaceous plant, which is the root of Shexian. Shexian has two varieties: large and small. The variety with fine leaves is Shexian, using the seedlings, stems, and leaves; the larger variety is Longxian, using the root. Therefore, the Longxian Gao in Wang Tao's *Waitai Miyao* [Essential Prescriptions Worth a Thousand Gold for Emergencies], which uses Longxian root decocted into an ointment to treat carbuncles and metallic wounds, is this specific Nüqing. Chen Cangqi's statement that Nüqing and Luomo cannot be distinguished, and Zhang Yi's *Guangya* stating that Nüqing is a type of Pueraria, both refer to the vine-type Nüqing, not this herbaceous Nüqing. The doubt raised in *Mingyi Bielu* regarding its growth in Zhuya is unfounded. Local traditions vary. There is also Nanqing resembling Nüqing. It is unknown whether this refers to the herbaceous or vine type.
[Flavor and Toxicity] Acrid, neutral, toxic.
Lei Xiao said: Bitter, non-toxic. Shexian serves as the guiding drug.
[Indications] Gu poison, expelling evil qi, killing ghost-induced Wenmalaria, warding off misfortune (from *Shennong Bencao Jing*).
[Attached Formulas] Three old formulas.
Sudden death: Grind one qian of Nüqing into powder, place it in the throat, and swallow with water or wine; life will be restored immediately. (From *Nezhuan of Lady Wei of Nanyue*)
Sudden death from vomiting and diarrhea, or sudden cyanosis/blackening/redness of the abdomen in adults and children, accompanied by inability to breathe: Immediately use Nüqing powder placed in the mouth and swallowed with wine. (From *Zimu Milu*)
Prevention of plagues: On the Yin day of the first lunar month, grind Nüqing into powder, store it in a triangular crimson pouch, and hang it within the bed curtains for great auspiciousness. (From *Zhouhou Beiji Fang*)