（宋《图经》）
【集解】颂曰∶小青生福州，三月生花，彼土人当月采叶用之。
叶
【气味】温，无毒。
【主治】生捣，敷痈肿疮疖甚效（苏颂）。治血痢腹痛，研汁服，解
【附方】新三。
蛇虺螫伤∶《卫生易简方》∶用小青一握（细研），入香白芷半两。酒调服。手 患处，
候
黄水出为效。《摘玄方》∶用小青、大青、牛膝叶同捣汁，和酒服，以渣敷之。
中暑发昏∶小青叶（井水浸去泥），控干，入沙糖擂汁，急灌之。（《寿域方》）
（宋《嘉 》）
【释名】苦豆。
【集解】禹锡曰∶葫芦巴出广州并黔州。春生苗，夏结子，子作细荚，至秋采。今人
多用岭南者。或云是番萝卜子，未审的否？
颂曰∶今出广州。或云种出海南诸番，盖其地芦菔子也。舶客将种莳于岭外亦生，然不
及番中来者真好。今医家治元脏虚冷为要药，而唐已前方不见用，本草不着，盖是近出。
【修治】时珍曰∶凡入药，淘净，以酒浸一宿，晒干，蒸熟或炒过用。
【气味】苦，大温，无毒。杲曰∶纯阳。
【主治】元脏虚冷气。得附子、硫黄，治肾虚冷，腹胁胀满，面色青黑。得 香子、桃
仁，治膀胱气甚效（嘉 ）。治冷气疝瘕，寒湿香港脚，益右肾，暖丹田（时珍）。
【发明】宗 曰∶膀胱气，用此合桃仁（麸炒）等分。为末，半为散，半以酒糊和丸梧
子大。每服五、七十丸，空心盐酒下；其散，以热米饮下，与丸子相间，空心服，日各一、
二服。时珍曰∶葫芦巴，右肾命门药也。元阳不足，冷气潜伏，不能归元者，宜之。宋
《惠民和剂局方》，有葫芦巴丸，治大人、小儿，小肠奔豚偏坠，及小腹有形如卵，上下走
痛，不可忍者。用葫芦巴八钱，茴香六钱，巴戟（去心）、川乌头（炮去皮）各二钱，楝实
（去
核）四钱，吴茱萸五钱。并炒为末，酒糊丸梧子大。每服十五丸，小儿五丸，盐酒下。太医
薛已云∶一人
有人病目不睹，思食苦豆，即葫芦巴，频频不缺。不周岁而目中微痛，如虫行入 ，渐明而
愈。按∶此亦因其益命门之功，所谓益火之原，以消阴翳是也。
【附方】新六。
小肠气痛∶葫芦巴（炒）研末，每服二钱，茴香酒下。（《直指方》）
肾脏虚冷，腹胁胀满∶葫芦巴（炒）二两，熟附子、硫黄各七钱五分。为末，酒煮曲糊
丸梧桐子大，每盐汤下三、四十丸。（《圣济总录》）冷气疝瘕∶葫芦巴（酒浸晒干）、荞麦（炒，
研面）各四两，小茴香一两。为末，酒糊丸梧子大。每服五十丸，空心盐汤或盐酒下。服至
两月，大便出白脓，则除根。（方广《心法附余》）
阴 肿痛偏坠，或小肠疝气，下元虚冷，久不愈者，沉香内消丸主之∶沉香、木香各半
两，葫芦巴（酒浸炒）、小茴香（炒）各二两。为末，酒糊丸梧子大。每服五、七十丸，盐
酒下。
气攻头痛∶葫芦巴（炒）、三棱（酒浸焙）各半两，干姜（炮）二钱半，为末，姜汤或
温酒每服二钱。（《济生方》）
寒湿香港脚，腿膝疼痛，行步无力∶胡芦巴（酒浸一宿，焙）、破故纸（炒
香）各四两。为末。以木瓜切顶去瓤，安药在内令满，用顶合住签定，烂蒸，捣丸梧子
大。每服七十丸，空心温酒下。（《杨氏家藏方》）
(Song Dynasty *Tujing Bencao*)
[Collected Explanations] Song said: Xiaoqing (Small Green Herb) grows in Fuzhou. It flowers in the third lunar month, and local people harvest its leaves for use during that month.
Leaf
[Flavor and Properties] Warm, non-toxic.
[Therapeutic Actions] Freshly crushed and applied externally, it is very effective for treating carbuncles, swellings, sores, and boils (Su Song). For treating bloody dysentery with abdominal pain, grind and take the juice orally.
[Attached Prescriptions] Three new prescriptions.
Snake or scorpion bite: *Weisheng Yijian Fang*: Take a handful of Xiaoqing (finely ground), add half tael of Xiangbaizhi (Angelica dahurica), mix with wine and ingest. Apply the residue to the affected area; efficacy is indicated when yellow fluid drains out. *Zhaixuan Fang*: Grind together Xiaoqing, Daqing (Isatis root), and Niuxi leaf (Achyranthes bidentata) to extract juice, mix with wine for oral administration, and apply the residue topically.
Heatstroke with fainting: Xiaoqing leaves (soaked in well water to remove mud), drained, mixed with rock sugar and ground to extract juice, administered urgently by force-feeding. (*Shouyu Fang*)
(Song Dynasty *Jiyao Bencao*)
[Names] Kudou (Bitter Bean).
[Collected Explanations] Yuxi said: Hulusiba (Trigonella foenum-graecum) originates from Guangzhou and Qianzhou. Sprouts appear in spring, seeds form in summer, the pods are slender, and harvesting occurs in autumn. Currently, people mostly use those from Lingnan. Some claim it is the seed of foreign radishes, but this is uncertain.
Song said: It is currently produced in Guangzhou. Some say it was introduced from various foreign lands in Hainan, likely being the Luofu zi (radish seed) of those regions. Merchants who brought seeds to plant outside the Ling Mountains found they could grow there, though not as high quality as those imported from foreign lands. Currently, physicians regard it as a crucial medicine for treating deficiency-cold of the Yuan Zang (Primary Viscera). However, it was not used in prescriptions prior to the Tang Dynasty, nor was it recorded in earlier Materia Medica texts, suggesting it is a recent introduction.
[Preparation] Li Shizhen said: When preparing for medicinal use, wash thoroughly, soak in wine overnight, dry, then either steam until cooked or stir-fry before use.
[Flavor and Properties] Bitter, greatly warm, non-toxic. Gao said: Pure Yang nature.
[Therapeutic Actions] Treats Qi pain due to Yuan Zang deficiency-cold. Combined with Fuzi (Aconite lateral root) and Liuhuang (Sulfur), it treats Kidney deficiency-cold, abdominal and hypochondriac fullness, and bluish-black complexion. Combined with Huixiang (Fennel fruit) and Taoren (Peach seed), it is highly effective for treating Bladder Qi stagnation (*Jiyao Bencao*). Treats cold-type hernia masses, damp-cold Jiaoxie (Gouty arthritis/leg swelling), tonifies the Right Kidney, and warms the Dantian (Li Shizhen).
[Elucidations] Zongshi said: For treating Bladder Qi stagnation, combine this herb with Taoren (bran-fried) in equal parts. Grind into powder; half is used as a powder, half is made into pills the size of wutong seeds using wine paste. Take 50–70 pills on an empty stomach with salted wine; the powder should be taken with hot rice gruel, alternating with the pills, taken on an empty stomach, one to two doses daily. Li Shizhen said: Hulusiba is a medicine for the Right Kidney and Mingmen (Gate of Life). It is suitable for cases of insufficient Yuan Yang, latent cold qi, and failure of Qi to return to its source. The Song Dynasty *Huimin Heji Jufang* contains Hulusiba Wan, which treats adults and children suffering from Xiaochang Bentun (running piglet syndrome) with unilateral descent, or palpable egg-shaped masses in the lower abdomen that move up and down causing unbearable pain. It uses 8 qian of Hulusiba, 6 qian of Huixiang, 2 qian each of Bajitian (Morinda officinalis, heart removed) and Chuanwutou (Aconitum carmichaelii, processed and peeled), 4 qian of Lianshi (Melia azedarach fruit, pit removed), and 5 qian of Wuzhuyu (Evodia fruit). All are stir-fried, ground into powder, and formed into pills the size of wutong seeds using wine paste. Take 15 pills (5 for children) with salted wine. Imperial Physician Xue Yi stated: A patient suffered from blindness and craved Kudou (Hulusiba), consuming it frequently without interruption. Within less than a year, mild pain felt like insects crawling in the eyes occurred, followed by gradual restoration of vision and recovery. Note: This demonstrates its merit in benefiting the Mingmen, illustrating the principle of "benefiting the origin of fire to dissipate yin shadows."
[Attached Prescriptions] Six new prescriptions.
Xiaochang Qi pain: Hulusiba (stir-fried) ground into powder, take 2 qian per dose with Huixiang wine. (*Zhizhi Fang*)
Kidney deficiency-cold with abdominal/hypochondriac fullness: Hulusiba (stir-fried) 2 liang, Shu Fuzi (prepared Aconite) and Liuhuang each 7.5 qian. Ground into powder, formed into wutong-sized pills using wine-boiled yeast paste. Take 30–40 pills per dose with salt water. (*Shengji Zonglu*) Cold-type hernia masses: Hulusiba (wine-soaked and dried) and Qiaomai (buckwheat, stir-fried and ground) each 4 liang, Xiaohuixiang 1 liang. Ground into powder, formed into wutong-sized pills with wine paste. Take 50 pills per dose on an empty stomach with salt water or salted wine. After two months of administration, if white pus is discharged in stool, the root cause is eliminated. (Fang Guang *Xinfa Fuyu*)
Scrotal swelling/pain with unilateral descent, or Xiaochang hernia, chronic lower-yuan deficiency-cold: The primary prescription is Chenxiang Neixiao Wan: Chenxiang (Agarwood) and Muxiang (Vladimiria root) each half tael, Hulusiba (wine-soaked and fried) and Xiaohuixiang (stir-fried) each 2 liang. Ground into powder, formed into wutong-sized pills with wine paste. Take 50–70 pills per dose with salted wine.
Qi-attacking headache: Hulusiba (stir-fried) and Sanleng (Sparganium rhizome, wine-soaked and baked) each half tael, Ganjiang (Dried ginger) 2.5 qian. Ground into powder, take 2 qian per dose with ginger tea or warm wine. (*Jisheng Fang*)
Damp-cold Jiaoxie (leg swelling/pain), leg and knee pain, weakness in walking: Hulusiba (wine-soaked overnight, baked) and Pozhuzi (Psoralea corylifolia, stir-fried until fragrant) each 4 liang. Ground into powder. Cut the top off a papaya, scoop out the pulp, fill with the medicine, replace the top, secure, and steam until soft. Mash and form into wutong-sized pills. Take 70 pills per dose on an empty stomach with warm wine. (*Yangshi Jiancang Fang*)