（《拾遗》）
【释名】千年枣（《开宝》）、万年枣（《一统志》）、海枣（《草木状》）、波斯枣（《拾
遗》）、
时珍曰∶无漏名义未详。千年、万岁，言其树性耐久也。曰海，曰波斯，曰番，言其种
自外国来也。金果，贵之也。曰棕、曰蕉，象其干、叶之形也。番人名其木曰窟莽，名其实
曰苦鲁麻枣。苦麻、窟莽，皆番音相近也。
【集解】藏器曰∶无漏子即波斯枣，生波斯国，状如枣。
曰∶树若栗木。其实若橡子，有三角。
颂曰∶按∶刘恂《岭表录异》云∶广州有一种波斯枣，木无旁枝，直耸三四丈，至巅四
向，共生十余枝，叶如棕榈，彼土人呼为海棕木。三五年一着子，每朵约三、二十颗，都类
北方青枣，但小尔。舶商亦有携本国者至中国，色类沙糖，皮肉软烂，味极甘，似北地天蒸
枣，而其核全别，两头不尖，双卷而圆，如小块紫矿，种之不生，盖蒸熟者也。
时珍曰∶千年枣虽有枣名，别是一物，南番诸国皆有之，即杜甫所赋海棕也。按段成
式《酉阳杂俎》云∶波斯枣生波斯国，彼人呼为窟莽。树长三、四丈，围五、六尺。叶似土
藤，不凋。二月生花，状如蕉花。有两甲，渐渐开罅，中有十余房。子长二寸，黄白色，状
如楝子，有核。六、七月熟则紫黑，状类干枣，食之味甘如饴也。又陶九成《辍耕录》云∶
四川成都有金果树六株，相传汉时物也。高五、六十丈，围三、四寻，挺直如矢，木无枝柯。
顶上有叶如棕榈，皮如龙鳞，叶如凤尾，实如枣而大。每岁仲冬，有司具祭收采，令医工以
刀剥去青皮，锻石汤瀹过，入冷熟蜜浸换四次，瓶封进献。不如此法，则生涩不可食。番人
名为苦鲁麻枣，盖凤尾蕉也。一名万岁枣，泉州有万年枣，即此物也。又稽含《草木状》云∶
海枣大如杯碗，以比安期海上如瓜之枣，似未得其详也。巴旦杏亦名忽鹿麻，另是一物也。
实
【气味】甘，温，无毒。
【主治】补中益气，除痰嗽，补虚损，好颜色，令人肥健（藏器）。
消食止咳，治虚羸，悦人。久服无损（李 ）。
(From *Bencao Shiyi* [Supplement to Materia Medica])
**Names:** Qiannian Zao (Millennium Date Palm, from *Kaibao Bencao*), Wannian Zao (Ten-Thousand-Year Date Palm, from *Yitongzhi*), Haizao (Sea Date Palm, from *Caomu Zhuang*), Boshi Zao (Persian Date Palm, from *Bencao Shiyi*).
Li Shizhen states: The origin of the name "Wulou" is unknown. The terms "Qiannian" and "Wansui" refer to the longevity and durability of the tree. The terms "Hai," "Boshi," and "Fan" indicate that the species originated from foreign lands. "Jin Guo" (Golden Fruit) denotes its preciousness. The terms "Zong" and "Jiao" describe the shape of its trunk and leaves. The local people call the tree "Kumang" and its fruit "Kulumazao." "Kuma" and "Kumang" are phonetic transliterations with similar pronunciations.
**Collection and Explanation:** Zang Qi states: Wulou is the Persian Date Palm, growing in Persia, resembling a date.
[Author omitted in source]: The tree resembles a chestnut tree. Its fruit resembles an acorn, with three angles.
Su Song states: According to Liu Xun's *Lingbiao Luyi*: In Guangzhou, there is a type of Persian Date Palm. The tree has no side branches, standing straight and tall for three or four zhang. At the top, more than ten branches grow radially. The leaves resemble those of a palm tree, and locals call it "Haizongmu" (Sea Palm Wood). It bears fruit once every three to five years, with clusters of about thirty to twenty fruits per bunch. They generally resemble northern green dates but are smaller. Merchants also bring them from their home countries to China. Their color resembles brown sugar, the skin and flesh are soft and mushy, and the taste is extremely sweet, similar to northern steamed dates. However, the pits are completely different; they are not pointed at either end, double-curved and round, resembling small pieces of purple resin. They cannot be propagated by planting, likely because they are steamed ripe.
Li Shizhen states: Although called "Qiannian Zao," it is a distinct species found in various southern barbarian kingdoms, which is the "Haizong" praised by Du Fu. According to Duan Chengshi's *Youyang Zazu*: The Persian Date Palm grows in Persia, where locals call it "Kumang." The tree is three to four zhang high and five to six chi in circumference. The leaves resemble those of a wild vine and do not shed. Flowers bloom in the second lunar month, resembling banana flowers. There are two bracts that gradually split open, revealing more than ten chambers inside. The fruit is two cun long, yellowish-white, resembling chinaberry fruits, with a pit. It ripens in the sixth and seventh lunar months, turning purplish-black, resembling dried dates, and tastes as sweet as maltose when eaten. Additionally, Tao Jicheng's *Chuo Geng Lu* records: In Chengdu, Sichuan, there are six Golden Fruit Trees, said to be relics from the Han Dynasty. They are fifty to sixty zhang high and three to four xun in circumference, straight as arrows, without branches. The top has leaves like palms, bark like dragon scales, leaves like phoenix tails, and fruits like dates but larger. Every mid-winter, officials prepare sacrifices and harvest them. Medical workers are ordered to peel off the green skin with knives, boil them in a solution of calcined stone, soak them in cold cooked honey four times with changes, seal them in bottles, and present them. If not processed this way, they are astringent and inedible. Barbarians call it "Kulumazao," which is likely the Phoenix Tail Banana. Also known as Wansui Zao, the Wannian Zao in Quanzhou is this same object. Furthermore, Ji Han's *Caomu Zhuang* records: Sea Dates are as large as cups or bowls; comparing them to the melon-sized dates of Anqi on the sea seems to lack detailed verification. Bada Xing (Badam/Almond), also known as Hulumu, is a completely different object.
**Flavor and Properties:** Sweet, warm, non-toxic.
**Therapeutic Actions:** Tonifies the middle jiao and qi, eliminates phlegm and cough, tonifies deficiency and damage, improves complexion, and promotes robustness and weight gain (Zang Qi).
Promotes digestion, stops cough, treats emaciation due to deficiency, and enhances facial luster. Long-term consumption causes no harm (Li [Gao]).