（《唐本草》）
【校正】并入《拾遗》小天蓼。
【释名】时珍曰∶其树高而味辛如蓼，故名。又马蓼亦名天蓼而物异。
【集解】恭曰∶木天蓼所在皆有，生山谷中。今安州、申州作藤蔓，叶似柘，花白，子
如枣许，无定形，中瓤似茄子，味辛，啖之以当姜、蓼。
藏器曰∶木蓼，今时所用出山南凤州。树高如冬青，不凋。不当以藤天蓼为注，既云
木蓼，岂是藤生？自有藤蓼耳。藤蓼生江南、淮南山中，藤着树生，叶如梨，光而薄，子如
枣，即苏恭以为木天蓼者。又有小天蓼，生天目山、四明山，树如栀子，冬月不凋，野兽食
之。是有三天蓼，俱能逐风，而小者为胜。
颂曰∶木天蓼今出信阳。木高二、三丈。三月、四月开花似柘花。五月采子，子作球形
似麻，子可藏作果食。苏恭所说自是藤天蓼也。
时珍曰∶天蓼虽有三种，而功用仿佛，盖一类也。其子可为烛，其芽可食。故陆机云∶
木蓼为烛，明如胡麻。薛田《咏蜀诗》有“地丁叶嫩和岚采，天蓼芽新入粉煎”之句。
枝叶
【气味】辛，温，有小毒。
【主治】症结积聚，风劳虚冷，细切酿酒饮（《唐本》）。
【附方】旧一，新三。
天蓼酒∶治风，立有奇效。木天蓼一斤，去皮细锉，以生绢盛，入好酒三斗浸之，春夏
一七，秋冬二七日。每空心、日午、下晚各温一盏饮。
若常服，只饮一次。老幼临时加减。（《圣惠方》）。
气痢不止∶寒食一百五日，采木蓼曝干。用时为末，粥饮服一钱。（《圣惠方》）。
大风白癞∶天蓼（刮去粗皮，锉）四两，水一斗，煎汁一升，煮糯米作粥，空心食之。
病
在上吐出，在中汗出，在下泄出。避风。又方∶天蓼三斤，天麻一斤半。生锉，以水三斗五
升，煎一斗，去滓，石器慢煎如饧。每服半匙，荆芥、薄荷酒下，日二夜一，一月见效。（《圣
惠方》）
小天蓼
【气味】甘，温，无毒。
【主治】一切风虚羸冷，手足疼痹，无论老幼轻重，浸酒及煮汁服之。十许日，觉皮肤
间风出如虫行（藏器）。
【发明】藏器曰∶木天蓼出深山中，人云久服损寿，以其逐风损气故也。藤天蓼、小天
蓼三者，俱能逐风。
其中优劣，小者为胜。
子
【气味】苦、辛，微热，无毒。
【主治】贼风口面 斜，冷 癖气块，女子虚劳（甄权）。
根
【主治】风虫牙痛，捣丸塞之，连易四、五次，除根。勿咽汁（时珍，出《普济》）。
(From *Tang Bencao*)
[Correction] Merged with *Xiao Tianliao* (Small Knotweed) from *Shiyi*.
[Names] Li Shizhen stated: The tree is tall and its taste is pungent like knotweed (*Polygonum*), hence the name. Additionally, *Ma Lia* (Horse Knotweed) is also called *Tianliao*, but they are different substances.
[Collection of Explanations] Su Gong said: *Mutianliao* (Wooden Knotweed) is found everywhere, growing in mountain valleys. Currently, those produced in Anzhou and Shenxiang grow as vines, with leaves resembling *Zhe* (Morus alba var. australis), white flowers, and fruits about the size of a jujube, without a fixed shape. The pulp inside resembles eggplant; it tastes pungent and can be eaten to substitute for ginger and knotweed.
Chen Zangqi said: *Mubiao* (Wooden Knotweed), as used nowadays, comes from Fengzhou in Shannan. The tree is as tall as holly (*Ilex chinensis*) and does not shed leaves in winter. One should not annotate *Teng Tianliao* (Vine Heavenly Knotweed) as *Mubiao*; since it is called wooden knotweed, how could it be a vine? There naturally exists *Tengbiao* (Vine Knotweed). *Tengbiao* grows in the mountains of Jiangnan and Huainan, climbing trees with vines; its leaves resemble pear leaves, smooth and thin, with fruits like jujubes. This is what Su Gong referred to as *Mutianliao*. There is also *Xiao Tianliao* (Small Heavenly Knotweed), growing in Tianmu Mountain and Siming Mountain. The tree resembles a gardenia, does not shed leaves in winter, and is eaten by wild beasts. Thus, there are three types of *Tianliao*, all capable of dispelling wind, with the small one being superior.
Su Song said: *Mutianliao* is currently produced in Xinyang. The tree is two or three zhang high. It blooms in March and April, with flowers resembling *Zhe* flowers. Fruits are harvested in May; they are spherical like hemp seeds and can be stored and eaten as fruit. What Su Gong described was indeed *Teng Tianliao*.
Li Shizhen said: Although there are three types of *Tianliao*, their functions are similar, suggesting they belong to the same category. Its seeds can be made into candles, and its buds are edible. Therefore, Lu Ji said: "Wooden knotweed makes candles, bright as sesame." Xue Tian's poem "Ode to Shu" contains the line: "Young leaves of groundsel gathered with the mist, fresh buds of heavenly knotweed fried in batter."
Branches and Leaves
[Properties and Flavors] Pungent, warm, slightly toxic.
[Indications] Masses and accumulations due to stagnation, wind-lao deficiency-cold. Cut finely and brewed into wine for drinking (*Tang Bencao*).
[Attached Prescriptions] One old prescription, three new prescriptions.
*Tianliao Jiu* (Heavenly Knotweed Wine): Treats wind disorders, yielding miraculous effects immediately. Take one jin of *Mutianliao*, remove the skin, cut finely, place in a raw silk bag, and soak in three dou of good wine. Soak for seven days in spring and summer, fourteen days in autumn and winter. Warm and drink one cup each time on an empty stomach, at noon, and in the evening.
For regular consumption, drink only once. Adjust dosage according to age and condition for adults and children (*Shenghui Fang*).
Incessant Qi Dysentery: On the 105th day after the Cold Food Festival, harvest *Mutianliao* and dry it in the sun. When needed, grind into powder and take one qian with rice gruel (*Shenghui Fang*).
Great Wind White Leprosy (Leprosy): Four liang of *Tianliao* (scrape off coarse bark, chop), decocted in one dou of water until reduced to one sheng of juice. Cook glutinous rice into porridge with this juice and eat on an empty stomach. Pathogenic factors in the upper part are expelled via vomiting, in the middle via sweating, and in the lower part via defecation. Avoid wind. Another prescription: Three jin of *Tianliao* and one jin and half of *Tianma* (Gastrodia Rhizome). Freshly chopped, decocted in three dou and five sheng of water until reduced to one dou. Strain the dregs, and slowly simmer in a stone vessel until syrup-like. Take half a spoon each time, administered with Jingjie (Schizonepeta) and Bohe (Mint) wine, twice daily and once at night. Effects visible within one month (*Shenghui Fang*).
*Xiao Tianliao* (Small Heavenly Knotweed)
[Properties and Flavors] Sweet, warm, non-toxic.
[Indications] All wind-deficiency emaciation and cold, pain and numbness in hands and feet. Suitable for all ages and severities; administer as infused wine or decoction. After about ten days, one may feel wind exiting the skin, resembling insects crawling (Chen Zangqi).
[Elucidation] Chen Zangqi said: *Mutianliao* grows in deep mountains. People say long-term use shortens lifespan because dispelling wind damages qi. Among *Teng Tianliao* and *Xiao Tianliao*, all three can dispel wind. In terms of superiority, the small one is better.
Seeds
[Properties and Flavors] Bitter, pungent, slightly hot, non-toxic.
[Indications] Facial paralysis (wind-stroke deviation of mouth and eyes), cold phlegm masses, female deficiency-lao (Zhen Quan).
Roots
[Indications] Wind-worm toothache. Pound into pills and insert into the affected area. Change four or five times consecutively to eradicate the root cause. Do not swallow the juice (Li Shizhen, from *Puji Fang*).