（《拾遗》）
【集解】藏器曰∶檀桓乃百岁柏之根，如天门冬，长三四尺，别在一旁，以小根缀之。
一名檀桓芝。出《灵宝方》。
时珍曰∶《本经》但言黄柏根名檀桓。陈氏所说乃柏旁所生檀桓芝也，与陶弘景所说同
【气味】苦，寒，无毒。
【主治】心腹百病，安魂魄，不饥渴。久服，轻身延年通神（《别录》）。
长生神仙，去万病。为散，饮服方寸匕，尽一枚有验（藏器）。
（《唐本草》）
【释名】子柏（弘景）、山石榴。
时珍曰∶此与金樱子、杜鹃花并名山石榴，非一物也。
【集解】弘景曰∶子柏树小，状如石榴，其皮黄而苦。又一种多刺，皮亦黄。并主口疮。
恭曰∶小柏生山石间，所在皆有，襄阳岘山东者为良。一名山石榴，其树枝叶与石榴无
，但花异，子细黑圆如牛李子及女贞子尔。其树皮白，陶云皮黄，恐谬矣。今太常所贮，乃
小树多刺而叶细者，名刺柏，非小柏也。
藏器曰∶凡是柏木皆皮黄。今既不黄，非柏也。小柏如石榴，皮黄，子赤如枸杞子，
两头尖。人锉枝以染黄。若云子黑而圆，恐是别物，非小柏也。
时珍曰∶小柏山间时有之，小树也。其皮外白里黄，状如柏皮而薄小。
【气味】苦，大寒，无毒。
【主治】口疮疳 ，杀诸虫，去心腹中热气（《唐本》）。治
血崩，阿茄陀丸方中用之）。
(From *Bencao Shiyi* / Supplement to Materia Medica)
[Collected Explanations]
Chen Cangqi stated: Tanhuan is the root of a century-old cypress tree. It resembles Asparagi Radix (Tianmendong), measuring three to four chi in length, growing separately from the side, attached by small roots.
It is also known as Tanhuan Zhi. It appears in the *Lingbao Fang*.
Li Shizhen stated: The *Shennong Bencao Jing* only mentions that the root of Phellodendri Cortex (Huangbai) is named Tanhuan. What Chen described is the Tanhuan Zhi growing beside the cypress tree, which is consistent with what Tao Hongjing said.
[Properties and Flavor]
Bitter, cold, non-toxic.
[Therapeutic Actions]
Treats various diseases of the heart and abdomen, calms the soul and spirit, and relieves hunger and thirst. Long-term consumption makes the body light, extends life, and enhances spiritual clarity (from *Mingyi Bielu*).
Promotes longevity akin to immortals, eliminates myriad diseases. When prepared as a powder and taken orally with water using a "fangcun bi" measure, completing one dose yields visible results (Chen Cangqi).
(From *Xinxiu Bencao* / Tang Bencao)
[Names]
Zibai (Tao Hongjing), Shanshiliu (Mountain Pomegranate).
Li Shizhen stated: This plant, along with Rosa laevigata fruit (Jinyingzi) and Rhododendron flower (Dushuanhua), is called "Shanshiliu," but they are not the same substance.
[Collected Explanations]
Tao Hongjing stated: The Zibai tree is small, resembling a pomegranate in shape; its bark is yellow and bitter. Another variety is thorny, with yellow bark. Both treat mouth ulcers.
Su Gong stated: Xiaobai grows among mountain rocks and is found everywhere; those from Xianshan Mountain in Xiangyang are of superior quality. It is also called Shanshiliu. Its branches and leaves are identical to those of the pomegranate tree, differing only in flowers. The fruit is small, black, round, resembling Prunus salicina (Niulizi) or Ligustrum lucidum seeds (Nüzhenzi). Its bark is white; Tao claimed it was yellow, which is likely erroneous. What is currently stored in the Taichang Temple is actually a small, thorny tree with fine leaves, named Juniperus formosana (Cibai/Stinging Cypress), not Xiaobai.
Chen Cangqi stated: All cypress trees have yellow bark. Since this one is not yellow, it is not a cypress. Xiaobai resembles a pomegranate, has yellow bark, and red fruits like Lycii Fructus (Gouqizi), pointed at both ends. People chop the branches to dye things yellow. If the fruit is described as black and round, it is likely a different substance, not Xiaobai.
Li Shizhen stated: Xiaobai occasionally grows in mountains; it is a small tree. Its bark is white on the outside and yellow inside, resembling cypress bark but thinner and smaller.
[Properties and Flavor]
Bitter, very cold, non-toxic.
[Therapeutic Actions]
Treats mouth ulcers, childhood malnutrition (Gan syndrome), kills various parasites, and clears heat from the heart and abdomen (from *Tang Bencao*). Treats metrorrhagia (used in the formula for Ajituo Wan).