（《纲目》）
【释名】 （音 旋。《广雅》）、蓬活（《万毕术》）、地脾。同上。
【集解】时珍曰∶按郭义恭《广志》云∶沙虱在水中，色赤，大不过虮，入人皮中杀
人。
皮里，可以针挑取之，正赤如丹。不挑，入肉能杀人。凡遇有此虫处，行还，以火炙身，则
虫随火去也。又《肘后方
中，此虫多着人，钻入皮里，令人皮上如芒针刺，赤如黍豆。刺三日之后，寒热发疮。虫渐
入骨，则杀人。岭南人初有此，以茅叶或竹叶挑刮去之，仍涂苦苣汁。已深者，针挑取虫子，
正如疥虫也。愚按∶溪毒
今俗病风寒者，皆以麻及桃柳枝刮其遍身，亦曰刮沙，盖始于刮沙病也。沙病亦曰水沙、水
伤寒，初起如伤寒，头痛、壮热、呕恶，手足指末微厥。或腹痛闷乱，须臾杀人者，谓之搅
肠沙也。
【附录】沙虫
时珍曰∶按∶《录异记》云∶潭、袁、处、吉等州有沙虫，即毒蛇鳞甲中虫。蛇被苦，
每入
（《拾遗》）
【释名】水马（《拾遗》）。
【集解】
藏器曰∶水黾群游水上，水涸即飞。长寸许，四脚。亦名水马，非《海中主产难》海马
之水
时珍曰∶水虫甚多，此类亦有数种。今有一种水爬虫，扁身大腹而背硬者，即此也。水
爬，水马之讹耳。一种水虿，长身如蝎，能变蜻蜓。
【气味】有毒。
【主治】令人不渴，杀鸡犬（藏器）。
[Compendium of Materia Medica]
[Nomenclature] (Pronounced "Xuan". From *Guangya*); Penghuo (From *Wanbi Shu*); Dipi. The above names are consistent with the preceding entry.
[Collected Explanations] Li Shizhen states: According to Guo Yigong's *Guangzhi*, the sand louse lives in water, is red in color, and is no larger than a louse egg. Once it enters human skin, it can be fatal.
It burrows into the skin and can be picked out with a needle; its color is bright red like cinnabar. If not removed, it can enter the flesh and cause death. Whenever one encounters places where these insects exist, upon returning, one should roast the body with fire, and the insects will depart with the heat. Furthermore, the *Zhouhou Beiji Fang* records that this insect often attaches to humans, burrowing into the skin, causing sensations on the skin like thorn pricks, with redness resembling millet or soybean grains. Three days after the bite, chills, fever, and sores appear. As the insect gradually penetrates into the bone, it becomes fatal. In the Lingnan region, people initially treat this by scraping it off with bamboo leaves or reed leaves, then applying juice from lettuce (*Lactuca sativa*). For deeper infestations, the insect is picked out with a needle, similar to treating scabies mites. My commentary notes: Current ailments referred to as "stream toxicity" (pathogenic factors from mountain streams) or commonly known wind-cold diseases, are treated by scraping the entire body with hemp branches or peach/willow branches, also called "scraping sand." This likely originated from the treatment of sand disease. Sand disease is also known as water sand or water typhoid. Its initial symptoms resemble typhoid: headache, high fever, vomiting, and nausea, with slight coldness in the fingertips of hands and feet. If accompanied by abdominal pain, restlessness, and sudden death, it is called "intestine-churning sand."
[Appendix] Sand Worm
Li Shizhen states: According to *Lu Yi Ji*, there are sand worms in Tanzhou, Yuanzhou, Chuzhou, Jizhou, etc., which are actually insects found within the scales of venomous snakes. When the snake feels distress, it enters...
[Bencao Shiyi]
[Nomenclature] Shuima (From *Bencao Shiyi*).
[Collected Explanations]
Chen Cangqi states: Water striders swim in groups on the water surface and fly away when the water dries up. They are about one inch long and have four legs. They are also named Shuima, distinct from the aquatic animal mentioned in *Hai Zhong Zhu Chan Nan*.
Li Shizhen states: There are many types of aquatic insects, and this category includes several species. Currently, there is a type of water crawler with a flat body, large abdomen, and hard back, which is this species. The term "Shui Pa" is an erroneous transcription of "Shuima." Another type is the naiad (dragonfly larva), which has a slender body like a scorpion and can transform into a dragonfly.
[Properties and Flavor] Toxic.
[Therapeutic Actions] Prevents thirst, kills chickens and dogs (Chen Cangqi).