（毛、俚、来三音。《纲目》
【释名】毛犀（《广志》）、猫牛（《汉书注》）
梦录》） 牛（音抽）。
时珍曰∶ 者髦也，其髦可为旌旄也。其体多长毛，而身角如犀，故曰毛犀。《汲
书》作 牛，颜师古作猫牛，《尔雅》作 牛，音皆相近也。《山海经》
牛，因角理如竹也。或云竹即
也。状如犀而角
【集解】时珍曰∶ 牛出西南徼外，居深山中野牛也。状及毛、尾俱同 牛， 小而
大，有重千斤者。其尾名曰 ，亦可为旌
荆山多 牛。郭璞注云∶ 牛之
甚长而黄黑相间，制弓极劲。彼
角之花斑，皆类山犀，
而之毛尾胜
【附录】 牛（音危） 又名夔牛。如牛而大，肉重数千斤，出
牛 《广志》云∶出日南及浔州大宾县。色青黄，与蛇同穴。性嗜盐，人裹手
涂盐取之。其角如玉，可为器。
海牛 《齐地志》云∶出登州海岛中。形似牛，鼍脚 毛。其皮甚软，可供百用。
脂可燃灯。《寰宇志》名潜牛，《广志》名 牛。
月支牛 《玄中记》云∶出西胡及大月氏国。今日割取肉，明日其创即复合也。
山牛 状如牛，而角有枝，如鹿茸。
角
【气味】酸、咸，凉，无毒。
【主治】惊痫热毒，诸血病（时珍）。
黄
【气味】原缺。
【主治】惊痫癫狂。
【发明】时珍曰∶ 牛亦有黄，彼人以乱牛黄，但坚而不香，云功用亦相近也。其角亦
可乱犀，但无粟纹，苏颂《图经》误以为牯犀角者是也。亦可用，而功不及犀，《昨梦录》、
《格古论》说之详矣。
(Máo, lǐ, lái are three pronunciations. [From *Bencao Gangmu*]
[Names] Limu (from *Guangzhi*), Maoniu (from *Commentary on the Book of Han*).
Limu (pronounced Chou).
Li Shizhen said: "Limu" refers to long hair; its long hair can be used for banners and standards. Its body has much long hair, and its horns resemble those of a rhinoceros, hence it is called "Maoxi" (Hairy Rhino). The *Jizhong Shu* writes it as "Limu Niu", Yan Shigu writes it as "Maoniu", and the *Erya* writes it as "Limu Niu"; their pronunciations are all similar. The *Shanhai Jing* mentions "Limu Niu" because the texture of its horn resembles bamboo. Some say that "Zhu" (Bamboo) is actually "Limu". Its appearance is like a rhinoceros, and its horn...
[Collected Explanations] Li Shizhen said: Limu Niu originates from beyond the southwestern borders; it is a wild ox dwelling in deep mountains and forests. Its form, hair, and tail are identical to those of the Yak (*Bos grunniens*), but Limu Niu is smaller in size, though some individuals weigh up to a thousand *jin*. Its tail is named "Limu Wei" and can also be used to make banner decorations. There are many Limu Niu in Jing Mountain. Guo Pu noted in his commentary: The horns of Limu Niu are very long and yellow-black striped, making them extremely strong for bow-making. Those with spotted patterns on their horns resemble mountain rhinos, while the hair and tail of Limu Niu surpass them.
[Appendix] Mao Niu (pronounced Wei), also known as Kui Niu. It is large like an ox, with meat weighing thousands of *jin*, originating from... [Text appears fragmented here]. *Guangzhi* states: It originates from Rinnan and Dabin County in Xunzhou. Its color is greenish-yellow, and it shares burrows with snakes. It has a craving for salt; people wrap their hands in salt-coated materials to catch it. Its horns are like jade and can be made into vessels.
Hai Niu (Sea Ox) *Qidi Zhi* states: It originates from islands in Dengzhou. Its shape resembles an ox, with feet like a crocodile and covered in hair. Its skin is very soft and suitable for a hundred uses. Its fat can be burned as lamp oil. *Huanyu Zhi* calls it "Qian Niu", and *Guangzhi* calls it "Mao Niu".
Yuezhi Niu *Xuanzhong Ji* states: It originates from the Western Hu and the Kingdom of Dayuezhi. If its flesh is cut today, the wound will heal by tomorrow.
Shanniu (Mountain Ox) Resembles an ox, with branched horns like deer antlers.
[Flavor and Toxicity] Sour, salty, cool, non-toxic.
[Indications] Convulsive febrile diseases and heat toxins, various blood disorders (Li Shizhen).
Huangniu (Yellow Ox) [Flavor and Toxicity] Originally missing.
[Indications] Convulsions, epilepsy, and mania.
[Elucidation] Li Shizhen said: Limu Niu also comes in yellow varieties. Some people use Limu Niu gallstones to pass off as Niuhuang (Calculus Bovis), but they are hard and lack fragrance, though their efficacy is said to be similar. Limu Niu horns can also be passed off as Xijiao (Rhinoceros Horn), but they lack the "millet grain" texture. Su Song mistakenly identified them as Guxi Jiao (Male Rhino Horn) in his *Tujing*. They can be used, but their efficacy does not match that of Rhinoceros Horn. This is discussed in detail in *Zuomeng Lu* and *Gegu Lun*.