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(Recorded in *Bielu* [Supplementary Records of Famous Physicians] as having a name but not yet used.)
[Correction] Merged into "Yugao" (Jade Paste) from *Shenyi* [Supplementary Materials].
[Names] Yuzhi (Jade Fat, *Gangmu*), Yugao (Jade Paste, *Shenyi*), Yuye (Jade Fluid).
[Collected Explanations] *Bielu* states: Grows among the jade stones of Lantian. Shizhen says: This is exactly Yugao; Taohongyuan originally believed that Yuquan (Jade Spring) was it. *Shanhaijing* [Classic of Mountains and Seas] says: On Mi Mountain there are many Danmu trees; Dan Water flows from there, flowing west into Jize. There is much white jade within, hence there is Jade Paste. Its source boils vigorously like hot soup; the Yellow Emperor eats it and offers it in sacrifice. From this arises black jade. The outflow of Jade Paste is used to irrigate Danmu. The Yellow Emperor then took the jade from Mi Mountain, melted it, and cast it on the south side of Zhong Mountain. Jin and Yu jades were excellent, hard and fine-grained, lustrous and shining, displaying five colors to harmonize hardness and softness. Heaven, Earth, ghosts, and spirits eat and offer it. Gentlemen consume it to ward off misfortune. Carefully noting, Mi Mountain is also near the region of Khotan. "Eating it" refers to ingesting elixirs; "offering it" refers to sacrifices; "consuming it" refers to wearing or ingesting. Yugao is Yuisui (Jade Marrow). *Hetu Yuban* says: On Mount Shaoshi there is white jade paste; consuming it leads to immortality. *Shizhouji* [Records of the Ten Islands] says: On Yingzhou there is jade paste like wine, named Yuli (Jade Nectar); drinking several cups causes intoxication and grants longevity. *Baopuzi* says: On mountains where jade is born, jade paste flows out, bright and clear like rock crystal; mixed with powder of Wuxincao (Herba Glehniae), it turns to water in an instant; consuming one sheng grants longevity. All these refer to this substance. Zangqi says: Now, drinking the water found between jade stones also grants longevity and nourishment.
[Flavor and Nature] Sweet, neutral, non-toxic.
[Indications] Infertility in women, anti-aging and prolonging life (*Bielu*).

(Recorded in *Bielu* as having a name but not yet used.)
[Names] Guyu (Valley Jade).
Shizhen says: Gu, alternatively written as 珏 or 玨, pronounced Gu or Jue. Two jades joined together are called 珏; this jade often grows in pairs, hence the name.
[Collected Explanations] *Bielu* states: Grows in Lantian.
Hongjing says: Zhang Hua said that Guyu is used to make jade pulp; it is pure white with a slight blue tint, free of stone impurities. Large ones are the size of a sheng (a unit of volume), small ones the size of a chicken egg. Those taken from caves are not the jade used for making vessels today. It comes from old mines in Xiangxiang County. During the Huangchu era, an imperial edict ordered General Xiahou Shang to seek it.
Shizhen says: According to *Ge Gu Lun*, ancient jade prioritizes green jade, which is pale green with a yellowish hue. Dark green green jade is best, pale green is secondary. Caiyu (Vegetable Jade) is neither green nor blue-green, resembling vegetable color; this is the lowest grade of jade.
[Flavor and Nature] Sweet, neutral, non-toxic.
[Indications] Infertility in women, lightening the body, anti-aging, and prolonging life (*Bielu*).
[Appendix] Biyu (Bi Jade) *Bielu* states: Sweet flavor, non-toxic. Indicated for improving vision and benefiting qi, causing abundant essence and offspring.
Shizhen says: Bi is a circular auspicious jade. This jade can be made into bi, hence called Biyu. The outer circle of bi symbolizes Heaven, the inner square symbolizes Earth. *Erya* states: A bi six inches in diameter is called Yu; if the flesh (rim width) is double the hole (hao), it is called Bi; if the hole is double the flesh, it is called Yuan.
Yuying *Bielu* states: Sweet flavor, indicated for wind-induced skin itching. Grows in mountain crevices, clear and white enough to serve as a mirror, also known as Shijing (Stone Mirror), harvested in the twelfth month.
Heyanshi (Combined Jade Stone) *Bielu* states: Sweet flavor, non-toxic. Indicated for benefiting qi, treating Xiao Ke (wasting-thirst syndrome), lightening the body, and practicing Bigu (grain avoidance). Grows in hills of Changshan, resembling pig fat.
Shizhen says: This is Niannya Sha (Jade Grinding Sand); jade must be ground with this stone to become shiny.
Qinglanggan (Green Langgan) (Lower Grade, *Benjing*)
[Correction] Merged into "Shilangan" (Stone Railing) from *Shenyi*.
[Names] Shilangan (Stone Railing, *Shenyi*), Shizhu (Stone Bead, *Benjing*), Qingzhu (Green Bead, *Bielu*).
Shizhen says: Langgan mimics its sound.
It can be ground into beads, hence the name Zhu (Bead).
[Collected Explanations] *Bielu* states: Qinglanggan grows in Pingze, Shu Commandery, harvested at any time.
Hongjing says: This is the Qingzhu and Huanghuan mentioned in *Shudu Fu*. Langgan is also the name of a tree on Kunlun Mountain and the name of a Great Elixir in *Jiu Zhen Jing*.
Gong says: Langgan has several colors; those that are green are superior for medicinal use. It belongs to the category of Liuli (glaze/glass), a Huoji Bao (Fire-made Treasure). It is now produced in the Wujiuman regions west of Xi Prefecture and in Khotan.
Zangqi says: Shilangan grows on the seabed, over a chi tall, resembling a tree, with roots and stems, and pores on the stems as if punctured. Fishermen catch it with nets; when first brought out of the water, it is slightly red, gradually turning green.
Song says: In the Secretariat's collection, there is a diagram of exotic fish depicting Qinglanggan as green, growing in the sea. It is said that sea people catch it with nets from the seabed; it is red upon emerging, turning dark green-black over time. Its branches resemble coral, but with holes like insect borings, and it produces a metallic sound when struck, similar to coral. This description differs from *Bielu*'s claim of growth in Pingze, Shu, and Su Gong's description, leaving people unable to identify it. Carefully checking *Shangshu*: Yongzhou lacks tribute of Qiu, Lin, and Langgan. *Erya* states:
The beauties of the northwest include Min, Lin, and Langgan from the Kunlun Ruins. Kong Anguo and Guo Pu annotated these as stones resembling pearls. However, *Shanhaijing* states: Kunlun Mountain has Langgan. If so, it is a beautiful stone, bright and pearl-like in color, standing upright. Generally, ancients referred to beautiful stones as Zhu (beads); *Guangya* classifies Liuli and Coral as Zhu. The above descriptions all originate from northwestern mountains, whereas the current Diagram claims they are obtained from the sea. Perhaps precious items are produced in both mountains and seas. Currently, physicians rarely use it due to its scarcity.
Zong says: *Book* states: Yongzhou tributes Qiu, Lin, and Langgan. *Xiyu Ji* states: Tianzhu Kingdom produces this item. Su Gong says it is a type of Liuli. Liuli is fire-formed, while Langgan is not; how can they be the same category?
Shizhen says: According to Xu Shen's *Shuowen*, Langgan is a stone resembling jade.
Kong Anguo says: A stone resembling a pearl. *Zonggui* states: Grows between cliffs in the South Sea, shaped like bamboo shoots, texture like jade. *Yuce* states: Grows inside cliffs in the South Sea, naturally formed by sensing Yin and Yang energies, resembling a pearl and red. *Liezi* states: On Penglai Mountain, Zhu Shu (Pearl Trees) grow densely. Based on various accounts, Langgan grows in northwestern mountains and sea cliffs. Those claiming it grows in the deep sea and is netted are describing Coral, not Langgan. In mountains, it is Langgan; in water, it is Coral. Coral also has green varieties. Currently, a type of Qingzhu produced in Hui Muslim regions resembles Bi Dian (indigo), likely processed Langgan. *Shanhaijing* states: North of Kaiming Mountain lies Zhu Shu. *Huainanzi* states: The Nine-Layer Zeng City has Zhu Shu to its west. Zhu Shu is Langgan. See my notes under Coral.
[Flavor and Nature] Pungent, neutral, non-toxic.
Zhicai says: Kills tin poison; effective with Mercury; fears chicken bone.
[Indications] Body itching, fire sores, carbuncles, scabies, and necrotic muscle tissue (*Benjing*). White alopecia (Tou Xuan), spreading on the skin; boiled and refined for consumption to raise Yin Qi and transform into Cinnabar (*Bielu*). Treats inverted toenails/fingernails (Hongjing).
Shilangan: Indicates for Shi Lin (stone strangury), breaks blood stasis, postpartum evil blood; ground and consumed, or boiled and consumed, or burned and added to wine for consumption (Zangqi).