（《纲目》）
【集解】
【气味】辛。
【主治】蝇入人耳害人。研烂，同鳝鱼血点之（危氏）。
（《纲目》）
【集解】时珍曰∶此装茶笼内蛀虫也。取其屎用。
蛀屑
【主治】 耳出汁。研末，日日缴净掺之（时珍。出《圣惠》）。
（《本经》中品）
【释名】蜩（音调）。齐女。
时珍曰∶按∶王充《论衡》云∶蛴螬化腹 ，腹
也。蝉者，变化相禅
而死，化为蝉，故蝉名齐女。此谬说也。按∶诗人美庄姜为齐侯之子，螓首蛾眉。螓亦蝉名，
人隐其名，呼
【集解】《别录》曰∶蚱蝉生杨柳上。五月采，蒸干之，勿令蠹。
弘景曰∶蚱蝉，哑蝉，雌蝉也。不能鸣。蝉类甚多，此云柳上，乃《诗》云“鸣蜩
者，形大而黑，五
故《礼》有雀、
子云“蟪蛄不知春秋”是矣。《离骚》误以蟪蛄为寒 尔。寒 九月、
七、八月鸣而色青者，名
恭曰∶蚱蝉，鸣蝉也。诸虫皆以雄为良，陶云雌蝉非矣。
颂曰∶按《玉篇》云∶蚱，蝉声也。《别录》云五月采，正与《月令》“仲夏蝉始鸣”相
合，恭说得之。
《尔雅》云∶ ，马蜩。乃蝉之最大者，即此也。蝉类虽众，独此一种入药。医方多用
蝉壳，亦此壳也。本生土中，云是蜣螂所转丸，久而化成此虫，至夏登木而蜕。
宗 曰∶蚱蝉，夏月身与声俱大，始终一般声。乘昏夜，出土中，升高处，拆背壳而出
。日出则畏人，且畏日炙干其壳，不能蜕也。至时寒则坠地，小儿畜之，虽数日亦不饮食。
古人言其饮风露，观其不粪而溺，亦可见矣。
时珍曰∶蝉，诸蜩总名也。皆自蛴螬、腹 变而为蝉（亦有转丸化成者），皆三十日而
死。
俱
《尔雅》、《淮南子》、扬雄《方言》、陆玑《草木疏》、陈藏器《本草》诸书所载，往往混乱
不一。今考定于下，庶不误用也。夏月始鸣，大而色黑者，蚱蝉也，又曰 （音绵），曰马
蜩，
《豳诗》“五月鸣蜩”者是也。头上有花冠，曰螗蜩，曰 ，曰胡蝉，《荡诗》“如蜩如螗”
者是也。具五色者，曰螂蜩，见《夏小正》。并可入药用。小而有文者，曰螓，曰麦 ；
小而色青绿者，曰茅蜩，曰茅 ；秋月鸣而色青紫者，曰蟪蛄，曰 ，曰蜓 ，曰
，曰 （音舌决）。小而色青赤者，曰寒蝉，曰寒蜩，曰寒 ，曰 ；未得秋风，则喑
不能鸣，谓之哑蝉，亦曰喑蝉；二、三月鸣
蚱蝉
【气味】咸、甘，寒，无毒。甄权曰∶酸。
【主治】小儿惊痫夜啼，癫病寒热（《本经》）。惊悸，妇人
录》）。小儿痫绝不能言（苏恭）
【发明】藏器曰∶本功外、其脑煮汁服之，主产后胞衣不下，自有正传。
时珍曰∶蝉主产难、下胞衣，亦取其能退蜕之义。《圣惠》治小儿发痫，有蚱蝉汤、
蚱蝉散、蚱蝉丸等方。今人只知用蜕，而不知用蝉也。
【附方】新三。
百日发惊∶蚱蝉（去翅、足，炙）三分，赤芍药三分，黄芩二分，水二盏，煎一盏，温
服。（《圣惠方》）。
破伤风病无问表里，角弓反张∶秋蝉一个，地肤子（炒）八分，麝香少许，为末。酒服
二钱。（同上）
头风疼痛∶蚱蝉二枚生研，入乳香、朱砂各半分，丸小豆大。每用一丸，随左右纳鼻中，
出黄水为效。（《圣济总录》）
(From *Bencao Gangmu*)
[Collected Explanations]
[Flavor and Nature] Pungent.
[Indications] Flies entering the human ear causing harm. Grind them into a paste, mix with blood from eels, and apply/drop into the ear (from Wei's Formula).
(From *Bencao Gangmu*)
[Collected Explanations] Li Shizhen said: These are insects that bore into tea baskets. Use their feces.
Borer Feces
[Indications] Oozing fluid from the ears. Grind into powder, clean the area thoroughly every day, and sprinkle the powder into the affected area (Li Shizhen; cited from *Taiping Shenghui Fang*).
(from *Shennong Bencao Jing*, Middle Category)
[Names] Tiao (tiáo). Qi Nu (Maiden of Qi).
Li Shizhen said: According to Wang Chong's *Lunheng*: "Qicao transforms into Fuqi, and Fuqi transforms into Cicada." The cicada is named because it undergoes successive transformations before dying, thus becoming a cicada, hence the name Qi Nu. This is an erroneous theory. Upon examination: Poets praised Zhuang Jiang as the daughter of the Marquis of Qi, describing her with a "Qin forehead and moth eyebrows." Qin is also a name for a type of cicada. People hid its true name and called it...
[Collected Explanations] *Bielu* states: Zha cicadas live on willow and poplar trees. Harvest in the fifth month, steam and dry them, ensuring they are not infested by worms.
Tao Hongjing said: Zha cicada, also known as Ya cicada (mute cicada), refers to the female cicada. It cannot sing. There are many types of cicadas; this one mentioned on willows corresponds to the "singing tiao" in the *Book of Songs*. They are large and black... Thus, the *Book of Rites* mentions sparrows... Su Gong said: Zha cicada is the singing cicada. Among all insects, males are considered superior; Tao's claim that it is the female is incorrect.
Su Song said: According to *Yupian*, "Zha" refers to the sound of the cicada. *Bielu* states harvesting in the fifth month, which aligns perfectly with the *Monthly Ordinances* saying "In mid-summer, cicadas begin to sing." Su Gong's interpretation is correct.
*Erya* states: ..., Ma Tiao. This is the largest among cicadas, namely this species. Although there are many types of cicadas, only this one is used in medicine. Medical formulas often use the cicada shell (Chantui), which is the shell of this insect. Originally born in the soil, it was believed to be transformed from pills rolled by dung beetles over time into this insect. In summer, it climbs trees to shed its skin.
Kong Zongsao said: Zha cicada is the singing cicada. All insects are best when male; Tao's statement that it is female is wrong.
Su Song said: According to *Yupian*, "Zha" is the sound of the cicada. *Bielu* says harvest in the fifth month, consistent with *Monthly Ordinances* "Mid-summer cicadas begin to sing," so Su Gong is right.
*Erya* says: ..., Ma Tiao. It is the largest of the cicadas, i.e., this kind. Although cicada varieties are numerous, only this kind enters medicine. Doctors mostly use the cicada shell, which is also this shell. It originally lives in the soil, said to be formed from dung beetle pellets turning into this insect over time, climbing trees to molt in summer.
Chen Cangqi said: Zha cicadas have large bodies and loud voices in summer, maintaining the same sound throughout. At dusk or night, they emerge from the soil, climb to high places, break through the back shell, and emerge. When the sun rises, they fear humans and fear the sun drying out their shells, preventing molting. When cold comes, they fall to the ground. Children keep them alive for days without food or water. Ancients said they drink wind and dew; observing that they urinate without defecating confirms this.
Li Shizhen said: Cicada is the general name for all Tiao. All transform from Qicao and Fuqi into cicadas (some formed from rolling pellets), living for thirty days before dying.
Records in *Erya*, *Huainanzi*, Yang Xiong's *Fangyan*, Lu Ji's *Caomu Shu*, and Chen Cangqi's *Bencao* are often chaotic and inconsistent. I have examined and fixed them below to prevent misuse. Those that begin singing in summer, large and black, are Zha cicadas, also called ... (sound mian), or Ma Tiao. This is what the *Odes of Bin* refers to with "In the fifth month, cicadas sing." Those with floral crowns on their heads are Tangtiao, ..., or Hu Chan. This is what the *Poem of Dang* refers to with "Like tiao and tang." Those with five colors are Langtiao, seen in *Xia Xiaozheng*. All can be used medicinally. Small ones with patterns are Qin, Mai ...; small and green-blue are Mao Tiao, Mao ...; those singing in autumn months with blue-purple hues are Huigu, ..., Ting ..., ..., ... (sound shejue). Small and blue-red are Han Chan, Han Tiao, Han ..., ...; lacking autumn wind, they are mute and cannot sing, called Ya Chan (mute cicada) or Yin Chan; those singing in the second and third months...
Zha Cicada
[Flavor and Nature] Salty, Sweet, Cold, Non-toxic. Zhen Quan said: Sour.
[Indications] Infantile convulsions with night crying, epilepsy with alternating chills and fever (*Shennong Bencao Jing*). Palpitations, women's [conditions] (*Zhenglei Bencao*). Infantile epilepsy where the child cannot speak at all (Su Gong).
[Elucidation] Chen Cangqi said: Besides its main functions, boiling its brain juice and ingesting it treats retained placenta after childbirth, following orthodox transmission.
Li Shizhen said: Cicada treats difficult labor and expelling the placenta, taking advantage of its ability to shed/molt. *Taiping Shenghui Fang* treats infantile epilepsy with formulas such as Zha Cicada Decoction, Zha Cicada Powder, and Zha Cicada Pill. Nowadays, people only know to use the cicada shell (Chantui) but do not know to use the whole cicada.
[Attached Formulas] Three new formulas.
Infantile Convulsion at 100 Days: Zha Cicada (remove wings and feet, roast) 3 fen, Red Peony Root 3 fen, Scutellaria Root 2 fen. Add 2 liang of water, decoct to 1 liang, take warm. (*Taiping Shenghui Fang*).
Traumatic Wind Disease regardless of exterior or interior, with opisthotonos: One autumn cicada, Kochia Fruit (stir-fried) 8 fen, Musk a little. Grind into powder. Take 2 qian with wine. (Same source).
Head Wind Pain: Two raw Zha Cicadas ground, add Frankincense and Cinnabar each 0.5 fen. Make pills the size of small beans. Use one pill each time, insert into the left or right nostril according to the side of pain. Discharge of yellow fluid indicates efficacy. (*Jisheng Fang* / *Shengji Zonglu*)