（ ，音铙。《唐本草》）
【释名】 砂（音 ）、狄盐（《日华》）、北庭砂（《四声》）、气砂（《图经》）、透骨将
军（《土宿》）。
时珍曰∶ 砂性毒。服之使人 乱，故曰 砂。狄人以当盐食。土宿本草云∶ 性透物
，五金借之以为先锋，故号为透骨将军。
炳曰∶生北庭者为上，人呼为北庭砂。
【集解】恭曰∶ 砂出西戎，形如牙硝，光净者良。
颂曰∶今西凉夏国及河东、陕西近边州郡亦有之。然西戎来者颗块光明，大者有如拳，
重三、五两，小者如指面，入药最紧。边界出者，杂碎如麻豆粒，又夹砂石，用之须水飞澄
去土石讫，亦无力，彼人谓之气砂。
时珍曰∶ 砂亦硝石之类，乃卤液所结，出于青海，与月华相射而生，附盐而成质，虏
人采取淋炼而成。状如盐块，以白净者为良。其性至透，用黝罐盛悬火上则常干，或加干姜
同收亦良。若近冷及得湿，即化为水或渗失也。《一统志》云∶临洮兰县有洞出 砂。张匡
邺《行程记》云∶高昌北庭山中，常有烟气涌起而无云雾，至夕光焰若炬火，照见禽鼠皆赤
色，谓之火焰山。采 砂者，乘木屐取之，若皮底即焦矣。北庭，即今西域火州也。
【修治】宗 曰∶凡用须水飞过，去尘秽，入瓷器中，重汤煮干，则杀其毒。
时珍曰∶今时人多用水飞净，醋煮干如霜，刮下用之。
【气味】咸、苦、辛，温，有毒。
恭曰∶不宜多服。柔金银，可为焊药。
权曰∶酸、咸，有大毒。能消五金八石，腐坏人肠胃。生食之，化人心为血。中其毒者
，生绿豆研汁，饮一、二升解之。畏浆水，忌羊血。
大明曰∶辛、酸，暖，无毒。畏一切酸。凡修治，用黄丹、锻石作柜， 赤使用，并无
毒。世人自疑烂肉，而人被刀刃所伤，以之罨敷，当时生痂。
藏器曰∶其性大热，服之有暴热损发，云温者误也。
《抱朴子》曰∶伏 药甚多∶牡蛎、海螵蛸、晚蚕砂、羊 骨、河豚鱼胶、鱼腥草、萝
卜、独帚、卷柏、羊蹄、商陆、冬瓜、羊踯躅、苍耳、乌梅。
曰∶ 遇赤须，汞留金鼎。
【主治】积聚，破结血，止痛下气，疗咳嗽宿冷，去恶肉，生好肌，烂胎。亦入驴马药
用（《唐本》）。主妇人丈夫羸瘦积病，血气不调，肠鸣，食饮不消，腰脚痛冷， 癖痰饮，
喉中结气，反胃吐水。令人能食肥健（藏器）。除冷病，大益阳事（甄权）。补水脏，暖子宫，
消瘀血，宿食不消，食肉饱胀，夜多小便，丈夫腰胯酸重，四肢不任，妇人血气心疼，气块
癖，及血崩带下，恶疮息肉。敷金疮生肉（大明）。去目翳弩肉（宗 ）。消内积（好古）。
治噎膈症瘕，积痢骨哽，除痣 疣赘（时珍）。
【发明】藏器曰∶一飞为酸砂，二飞为伏翼，三飞为定精，色如鹅儿黄。入诸补药为丸
服之，有暴热。
颂曰∶此药近出唐世，而方书着古人单服一味伏火作丸子，亦有兼硫黄、马牙硝辈合饵
者，不知方出何时？殊非古法。此物本攻积聚，热而有毒，多服腐坏人肠胃，生用又能化人
心为血，固非平居可饵者。而西土人用淹肉，炙以当盐，食之无害，盖积习之久，自不毒也。
宗 曰∶金银有伪，投 砂锅中，伪物尽消化，况人腹中有久积，岂不腐溃？
元素曰∶ 砂破坚癖，不可独用，须入群队药中用之。
时珍曰∶ 砂大热有毒之物，噎膈反胃积块内症之病，用之则有神功。盖此疾皆起于七
情饮食所致，痰气郁结，遂成有形，妨碍道路，吐食痛胀，非此物化消，岂能去之？其性善
烂金银铜锡，庖人煮硬肉，入 砂少许即烂，可以类推矣。所谓化人心为血者，亦甚言其不
可多服尔。张果《玉洞要诀》云∶北庭砂秉阴石之气，含阳毒之精，能化五金八石，去秽益
阳，其功甚着，力并硫黄。独孤滔《丹房镜源》云∶ 砂性有大毒，为五金之贼，有沉冷之
疾，则可服之，疾减便止，多服则成拥塞痈肿。二说甚明，而唐宋医方乃有单服之法，盖欲
得其助阳以纵欲，而不虞其损阴以发祸也。其方唐慎微已收附本草后，今亦存之，以备考者
知警。
【附方】旧四，新二十三。服食法∶ 砂丸∶ 砂不计多少，入罐子内，上面更坐罐子
一个，纸筋白土上下通泥了，晒干。上面罐子内盛水，以苍耳干叶为末，铺头盖底，以火烧
之。火尽旋添火，水尽旋添水，从辰初起至戌一伏时，住火勿动。次日取出研，米醋面糊和
丸梧子大。每服四、五丸，温酒或米饮下，并无忌。久服进食无痰。（《经验方》）
元脏虚冷，气攻脐腹疼痛∶用 砂一两，以纤霞草末二两和匀，用小砂罐不固济，慢火
烧赤，乃入 在罐内，不盖口，加顶火一秤，待火尽炉寒取出。用川乌头（去皮脐，生研末）
二两，和匀，汤浸蒸饼丸梧子大。每服三丸，木香汤、醋汤任下，日一服。（陈巽方）
肾脏积冷，气攻心腹疼痛，面青足冷∶ 砂二两，桃仁一两（去皮）。酒一小盏，煎
十余沸，去砂石，入桃仁泥，旋旋煎成膏，蒸饼和丸梧子大。每热酒下二十丸。（《圣惠方》）
积年气块，脐腹痛疼∶ 砂（醋煮）二两，木瓜三枚（切，须去瓤）。入 在内，碗盛，
于日中晒至瓜烂，研匀，以米醋五升，煎如稀饧，密收。用时旋以附子末和丸梧子大。热酒
化下一丸。（《圣惠方》）
癖症块 砂丸∶治 癖症块，暖水脏，杀三虫，妇人血气，子宫冷。腊月收桑条灰，
淋去苦汁，日干。每 砂一两，用灰三两，以水化 ，拌灰干湿得所。以瓶盛灰半寸，入
于内，以灰填盖固济，文武火 赤，冷定取出，研。以箕铺纸三重，安药于上，以热水淋之，
直待 味尽即止。以钵盛汁，于热灰火中养之，常令鱼眼沸，待汁干入瓶，再 一食顷，取
出重研，以粟饭和丸绿豆大。每空心。酒下五丸，病去即止。（《圣惠方》）
噎膈反胃 邓才清兴∶用北庭砂二钱，水和荞麦面包之， 焦，待冷，取中间湿者，焙
干一钱，入槟榔二钱，丁香二个，研匀。每服七厘，烧酒送下，日三服，愈即止。后吃白粥
半月，仍服助胃丸药。《孙天仁集效方》∶用北庭砂二两（一两，用人言末一两，同入罐内，
文武火升三炷香，取出，灯盏上末；一两，以黄丹末一两，同入罐内，如上法升过，取末），
用桑灰霜一两。研匀。每服三分，烧酒下，愈即止。又方∶平胃散各一钱，入 砂、生姜各
五分，为末。沸汤点服二钱，当吐出黑物如石，屡验。一切积痢∶灵砂丹∶用 砂、朱砂各
二钱半。为末。用黄蜡半两，巴豆仁三七粒（去膜），同入石器内，重汤煮一伏时，候豆紫
色
为度。去二七粒，只将一七粒同二砂研匀，溶蜡和收。每旋丸绿豆大。或三丸、五丸，淡姜
汤下。（《本事方》）月水不通∶脐腹积聚疼痛。 砂一两，皂角五挺（去皮子）。锉为末，以
头醋一大盏，熬膏，入陈橘皮末三两，捣三百杵，丸梧子大。每温酒下五丸。（《圣惠方》）
死胎不下∶ 砂、当归各半两。为末。分作二服，温酒调下，如人行五里，再一服。（《瑞
竹堂方》）喉痹口噤∶ 砂、马牙硝等分，研匀，点之。（《圣济方》）悬痈猝肿∶ 砂半两，
绵裹含之，咽津即安。（《圣惠方》）牙齿肿痛∶老鼠一个去皮，以 砂淹擦，三日肉烂化尽，
取骨，瓦上焙干，为末，入樟脑一钱，蟾酥二分。每以少许点牙根上，立止。（《孙氏集效
方》）偏头风痛∶ 砂末一分，水润豉心一分。捣丸皂子大。绵包露出一头，随左右内鼻中，
立效。（《圣惠方》）损目生瘀，赤肉弩出不退∶杏仁百个，蒸熟去皮尖研，滤取净汁，入
砂末一钱，水煮化。日点一、二次，自落。（《普济方》）鼻中息肉∶ 砂点之，即落。（白
飞霞方）鼻中毛出∶昼夜可长一、二尺，渐渐粗圆如绳，痛不可忍，摘去复生，此因食猪羊
血过多致生。用乳香、 砂各一两，为末，饭丸梧子大。每空心临卧各服十丸，水下。自然
退落。（夏子益《奇疾方》）鱼骨哽咽∶ 砂少许，嚼咽立下。（《外台秘要》）蚰蜒入耳∶
砂、胆矾等分。为末。每吹一字，虫化为水。（《圣济录》）割甲侵肉久不瘥∶ 砂、矾石，
为末。裹之，以瘥为度。（《外台秘要》）蝎虿叮螫∶水调 砂涂之，立愈。（《千金方》）
代指肿痛∶唾和白 砂，以面作碗子，套指入内，一日瘥。（《千金方》）面上疣目∶ 砂、
硼砂、铁锈、麝香等分研，搽三次自落。（《集效方》）疔疮肿毒∶好 砂、雄黄等分研。以
银篦刺破疮口，挤去恶血，安药一豆入内，纸花贴住即效。毒瓦斯入腹呕吐者，服护心散。（《
瑞竹堂方》）疝气卵肿，胀痛不可忍。念珠丸∶用 砂、乳香各二钱，黄蜡一两。研溶和丸，
分作一百单八丸，以绵缝，露一夜，次日取出，蛤粉为衣。每用一丸，乳香汤吞下，日二服，
取效。（《本事方》）诸劳久嗽∶方见兽部下。
【附录】石药（拾遗。）〔藏器曰〕味苦，寒，无毒。主折伤内损瘀血烦闷欲死者，酒消
服之。南人毒箭中人，及深山大蝮伤人，速将病者顶上十字厘之，出血水，药末敷之，并敷
伤处，当上下出黄水数升，则闷解。俚人重之，以竹筒盛，带于腰，以防毒箭；亦主恶疮、
热毒痈肿、赤白游风、 蚀等疮，并水和敷之。出贺州出内石上，似碎石、 砂之类。
(Náo, pronounced náo. From *Tang Bencao* [Compendium of Materia Medica of the Tang Dynasty].)
[Names] Nao Sha (Nāo Shā, Rhinitum), Di Yan (Dí Yán, Di Salt, from *Ri Hua Bencao*), Bei Ting Sha (Běi Tīng Shā, Northern Court Rhinitum, from *Si Sheng Bencao*), Qi Sha (Qì Shā, Gas Rhinitum, from *Tu Jing Bencao*), Tou Gu Jiang Jun (Tòu Gǔ Jiàng Jūn, Bone-Penetrating General, from *Tu Su Bencao*).
Li Shizhen states: Nao Sha is toxic in nature. Ingestion causes mental confusion, hence the name Nao Sha. The Di people consume it as salt. *Tu Su Bencao* records: Nao Sha has a penetrating nature; the "Five Metals" (a collective term for gold, silver, copper, iron, tin, lead, and mercury) use it as a vanguard, thus earning the title Bone-Penetrating General.
Kou Bing states: The variety produced in Northern Court is superior, known as Northern Court Rhinitum.
[Collection and Explanation] Su Gong states: Nao Sha originates from the Western Regions (Xi Rong). It resembles Ya Xiao (Sodium Nitrate) in shape; the bright and clean ones are of good quality.
Su Song states: Currently, it is also found in the Western Liang Xia Kingdom and in bordering prefectures of Hedong and Shaanxi. However, that brought from the Western Regions comes in bright granular blocks, with large pieces resembling fists weighing three to five taels, and small pieces the size of a finger nail, which are most precious for medicinal use. Those from the borders are mixed with fragments like hemp seeds or beans, often夹杂着 sand and gravel. Before use, they must be clarified by water levigation to remove earth and stones; otherwise, they lack efficacy. Locals call this Qi Sha.
Li Shizhen states: Nao Sha belongs to the category of Xiao Shi (Potassium Nitrate/Saltpeter). It is formed by the crystallization of brine, originating from Qinghai Lake. It is generated through interaction with moonlight and forms its substance attached to salt. Barbarians collect it, leach it, and refine it. It resembles salt blocks, with white and clean ones being superior. Its nature is extremely penetrating. If stored in a black earthenware jar suspended over fire, it remains dry; storing it with dried ginger is also effective. If exposed to cold or moisture, it liquefies or渗失 (seeps away). *Yi Tong Zhi* records: There are caves in Lanzhou County, Lin Tao, producing Nao Sha. Zhang Kuangye's *Journey Records* state: In the mountains of Northern Court, Gaochang, smoke often rises without clouds. At dusk, the flames resemble torches, illuminating birds and rodents in red. This is called Flame Mountain. Collectors wear wooden clogs to gather it; leather soles would burn. Northern Court is present-day Huozhou in the Western Regions.
[Processing] Lei Xiao states: When used, it must be levigated with water to remove dust and impurities, placed in porcelain vessels, and boiled dry in a double boiler to neutralize its toxicity.
Li Shizhen states: Nowadays, people mostly purify it by water levigation, boil it dry with vinegar until frost-like, scrape it off, and use it.
[Flavor and Toxicity] Salty, bitter, acrid, warm, toxic.
Su Gong states: Should not be taken in large doses. It softens gold and silver and can be used as soldering flux.
Li Quan states: Sour, salty, highly toxic. It can dissolve the Five Metals and Eight Stones, corroding human intestines and stomach. Raw consumption can transform human heart into blood. For poisoning, drink one to two sheng of juice from raw green beans to detoxify. It is incompatible with Jiang Shui (fermented grain liquid) and sheep blood.
Meng Shen states: Acrid, sour, warm, non-toxic. It fears all acids. For processing, use furnaces made of Huang Dan (Lead Oxide) and Duan Shi (Calcined Lime), colored red, and it is non-toxic. People suspect it rots flesh, but when applied to knife wounds, it promotes scab formation immediately.
Chen Cangqi states: Its nature is intensely hot. Ingestion causes sudden heat damaging hair; describing it as warm is incorrect.
*Bao Pu Zi* states: Many substances can fix Nao Sha: Mu Li (Oyster Shell), Hai Piao Xiao (Cuttlefish Bone), Wan Can Sha (Late Silkworm Frass), Yang Jin Gu (Sheep Tibia Bone), He Tun Yu Jiao (Pufferfish Bladder), Yu Xing Cao (Houttuynia), Luo Bo (Radish), Du Zhou, Juan Bai (Selaginella), Yang Ti (Shepherd's Purse), Shang Lu (Phytolacca), Dong Gua (Winter Melon), Yang Zhi Zhu (Rhododendron), Cang Er (Xanthium), Wu Mei (Mume Fruit).
Sun Simiao states: When Nao Sha encounters Chi Xu, Mercury remains in the Golden Tripod.
[Indications] Accumulations, breaking stagnant blood, relieving pain and directing Qi downward, treating chronic cough and cold, removing foul flesh, promoting healthy tissue growth, inducing abortion. Also used for donkeys and horses (*Tang Bencao*). Treats emaciation and accumulation diseases in men and women, irregular Qi and Blood, borborygmus, indigestion, cold pain in waist and legs, Pi masses (fixed abdominal masses), Phlegm-Fluid retention, Qi knotting in throat, regurgitation and vomiting of water. Promotes appetite and robustness (Chen Cangqi). Dispels cold diseases, greatly benefits Yang function (Zhen Quan). Nourishes Water Zang (Kidney), warms the Uterus, resolves blood stasis, aids digestion of retained food and meat fullness, frequent nocturia, soreness and heaviness in lower back and hips, limb weakness, cardiac pain due to Qi and Blood disorders in women, Qi masses and Pi, metrorrhagia and leukorrhea, malignant sores and polyps. Promotes flesh regeneration in traumatic injuries (Meng Shen). Removes eye nebula and caruncle (Lei Xiao). Resolves internal accumulations (Kou Zongshi). Treats dysphagia and zheng jia (abdominal masses), bloody diarrhea with bone splinters, removes moles and warts (Li Shizhen).
[Elucidation] Chen Cangqi states: Levitated once becomes Suan Sha, twice becomes Fu Yi, thrice becomes Ding Jing, yellow like gosling down. Taken in tonic pills, it causes sudden heat.
Su Song states: This drug appeared recently in the Tang era. Formulary books record ancients taking single ingredients fixed by fire into pills, or combining them with Liu Huang (Sulfur) and Ma Ya Xiao (Sodium Nitrate). It is unknown when these formulas originated; they are certainly not ancient methods. This substance attacks accumulations; it is hot and toxic. Overdose corrodes intestines and stomach; raw use can transform heart into blood. It is not suitable for daily consumption. Westerners use it to pickle meat and roast as salt without harm, likely due to long-term adaptation neutralizing toxicity.
Lei Xiao states: Gold and silver may be fake; thrown into Nao Sha pots, fakes dissolve completely. How much more so for long-standing accumulations in the human abdomen? Would they not rot and ulcerate?
Wang Zhi states: Nao Sha breaks hard masses; it cannot be used alone but must be combined with other herbs.
Li Shizhen states: Nao Sha is a highly hot and toxic substance. For diseases like dysphagia, regurgitation, and internal masses, it performs miraculous functions. These ailments arise from emotional disturbances and diet, leading to Qi stagnation and Phlegm condensation, forming tangible obstructions causing vomiting, pain, and distension. Without this substance to dissolve them, how can they be removed? Its nature dissolves metals; cooks add a little to tough meat to tenderize it, which can be extrapolated. The phrase "transforming heart into blood" exaggerates the danger of overdose. Zhang Guo's *Yu Dong Yao Jue* states: Northern Court Rhinitum inherits Yin stone energy and contains Yang poison essence. It dissolves metals and stones, removes filth, and benefits Yang, with effects comparable to Sulfur. Dugu Tao's *Dan Fang Jing Yuan* states: Nao Sha is highly toxic, the thief of metals. It can be taken for deep cold diseases, stopping when symptoms subside; overdose causes obstruction and carbuncles. Both views are clear. Yet Tang and Song medical texts contain single-drug usage methods, likely seeking its Yang-boosting power for lust, ignoring Yin-damaging disasters. Tang Shenwei collected these formulas after the main text. I preserve them here for reference and warning.
[Attached Formulas] Four old, twenty-three new.
**Nao Sha Pill:** Take unspecified amount of Nao Sha, place in a pot, cover with another pot, seal joints with clay and paper paste, dry. Fill top pot with water, line with powdered dry Xanthium leaves, cover bottom. Fire until ash, replenish fire and water as needed from Chen hour to Xu hour. Stop fire. Next day, grind, mix with rice vinegar and flour paste into pills the size of walnut seeds. Take 4-5 pills with warm wine or rice drink. No taboos. Long-term use improves appetite and reduces phlegm. (*Experience Formula*)
**Yuan Zang Deficiency Cold, Qi attacking umbilical/abdominal pain:** Mix 1 liang Nao Sha with 2 liang Xian Xia Cao powder. Heat small clay pot slowly until red, add Nao Sha without lid, add heavy fire until ash and cool. Mix with 2 liang Chuan Wu Tou (processed, raw powder). Make pills with steamed dough. Take 3 pills with Mugwort soup or vinegar soup, once daily. (Chen Xun Formula)
**Kidney Accumulated Cold, Qi attacking heart/abdominal pain, blue face, cold feet:** 2 liang Nao Sha, 1 liang Tao Ren (peeled). Decoct in 1 cup wine for 10 boils, remove stones, add Tao Ren paste, simmer to paste, mix with dough into pills. Take 20 pills with hot wine. (*Sheng Hui Fang*)
**Chronic Qi Masses, Umbilical/Abdominal Pain:** 2 liang Nao Sha (vinegar-boiled), 3 Mu Gua (cut, deseeded). Place Nao Sha inside Mu Gua, sun-dry until soft, grind. Decoct in 5 sheng rice vinegar to thick syrup. Store tightly. Mix with Fu Zi powder into pills. Dissolve 1 pill in hot wine. (*Sheng Hui Fang*)
**Pi Syndrome Mass Nao Sha Pill:** Treats Pi masses, warms Water Zang, kills parasites, treats female Qi/Blood issues and cold uterus. Collect mulberry branch ash in December, leach to remove bitterness, dry. For every 1 liang Nao Sha, use 3 liang ash. Dissolve Nao Sha in water, mix with ash to proper moisture. Put half-inch ash in bottle, add Nao Sha, cover with ash, seal. Calcine with mild-strong fire until red, cool, grind. Place on triple-layered paper sieve, pour hot water until Nao Sha taste is gone. Collect juice, keep boiling over hot ashes until dry, store in bottle, calcine again for one meal time, grind again. Mix with millet rice into mung bean-sized pills. Take 5 pills on empty stomach with wine. Stop when cured. (*Sheng Hui Fang*)
**Dysphagia/Regurgitation Deng Cai Qing Xing:** 2 qian Northern Court Rhinitum, wrap in buckwheat dough, calcine until charred. Cool, take moist center, dry to 1 qian. Mix with 2 qian Bing Lang and 2 Ding Xiang. Grind. Take 7 li with roasted wine, 3 times daily. Stop when cured. Eat white porridge for half month, continue Stomach-assisting pills. *Sun Tianren Collection*: 2 liang Northern Court Rhinitum (1 liang mixed with 1 liang Ren Yan powder, calcined; 1 liang mixed with 1 liang Huang Dan powder, calcined). Mix with 1 liang Sang Hui Shuang. Take 3 fen with roasted wine. Stop when cured. Another formula: Ping Wei San 1 qian each, add 5 fen Nao Sha and Ginger. Powder. Take 2 qian with boiling water, expect black stone-like vomit. Verified. All types of accumulated dysentery: **Ling Sha Dan**: 2.5 qian Nao Sha, 2.5 qian Zhu Sha. Powder. Half liang Huang La, 21 Ba Dou Ren (dehulled). Double-boil for one fu period until beans turn purple. Remove 14 beans, keep 7. Grind remaining 7 with two sands, melt wax, mix. Roll into mung bean pills. Take 3-5 pills with light ginger soup. (*Ben Shi Fang*)
**Amenorrhea:** Umbilical/abdominal mass pain. 1 liang Nao Sha, 5 Zao Jiao (dehusked). Powder. Decoct first vinegar to paste, add 3 liang Chen Ju Pi powder, pound 300 times, make pills. Take 5 pills with warm wine. (*Sheng Hui Fang*)
**Retained Fetus:** 0.5 liang Nao Sha, 0.5 liang Dang Gui. Powder. Divide into two doses, take with warm wine. Walk five li, take second dose. (*Rui Zhu Tang Fang*)
**Throat Bi/Jaw Lock:** Equal parts Nao Sha and Ma Ya Xiao. Grind, apply drops. (*Sheng Ji Fang*)
**Sudden Scrotal Swelling:** 0.5 liang Nao Sha, wrap in silk, hold in mouth, swallow saliva. Relief. (*Sheng Hui Fang*)
**Tooth Swelling/Pain:** Skin one mouse, rub with Nao Sha. After 3 days flesh rots, take bone, dry on tile, powder. Add 1 qian Zhang Nao, 2 fen Chan Su. Apply to gum root. Immediate relief. (*Sun Shi Ji Xiao Fang*)
**Hemicrania:** 1 fen Nao Sha powder, 1 fen wet fermented soybean core. Grind into soap-seed sized pills. Wrap in silk, expose one end, insert into nostril. Immediate effect. (*Sheng Hui Fang*)
**Eye Injury/Stasis/Caruncle:** 100 Xing Ren, steam, peel, grind, filter juice. Add 1 qian Nao Sha powder, boil. Drop 1-2 times daily. Falls off naturally. (*Pu Ji Fang*)
**Nasal Polyps:** Drop Nao Sha. Falls off. (Bai Fei Xia Formula)
**Nasal Hair Growth:** Grows 1-2 chi/day, thick like rope, painful. Caused by excessive pork/mutton blood. Mix 1 liang Ru Xiang and 1 liang Nao Sha. Powder. Rice pills. Take 10 pills morning/evening on empty stomach with water. Natural shedding. (Xia Zi Yi *Qi Ji Fang*)
**Fish Bone Impaction:** Chew/swallow small amount of Nao Sha. Immediate relief. (*Wai Tai Mi Yao*)
**Centipede in Ear:** Equal parts Nao Sha and Dan Fan. Powder. Blow one zhu into ear. Worm turns to water. (*Sheng Ji Lu*)
**Paronychia:** Nao Sha, Fan Shi. Powder. Wrap. Until healed. (*Wai Tai Mi Yao*)
**Scorpion Sting:** Mix Nao Sha with water, apply. Immediate cure. (*Qian Jin Fang*)
**Whitlow:** Mix Nao Sha with saliva, make dough bowl, fit finger. Cured in one day. (*Qian Jin Fang*)
**Facial Warts:** Equal parts Nao Sha, Peng Sha, Iron Rust, She Xiang. Grind, apply 3 times. Falls off. (*Ji Xiao Fang*)
**Carbuncle/Swelling:** Good Nao Sha, Xiong Huang equal parts. Grind. Pierce sore with silver comb, squeeze bad blood, insert pill-sized medicine, cover with paper flower. Effective. If toxin enters stomach/vomiting, take Hu Xin San. (*Rui Zhu Tang Fang*)
**Hernia/Testicular Swelling:** **Nian Zhu Pill**: 2 qian Nao Sha, 2 qian Ru Xiang, 1 liang Huang La. Melt and mix into 108 pills, sew in silk, leave overnight next day, coat with Ge Fen. Take 1 pill with Ru Xiang soup, twice daily. (*Ben Shi Fang*)
**Chronic Cough due to Consumption:** See Animal Section.
[Appendix] Stone Drugs (Supplement). [Chen Cangqi states] Bitter, cold, non-toxic. Treats fractures and internal trauma with blood stasis and suffocation. Dissolve in wine and take. Southern people poisoned by arrows or snake bites: cross-incise top of head, drain blood/water, apply powder to wound and surrounding area. Yellow fluid will drain, suffocation relieved. Locals value it, carry in bamboo tube to prevent arrow poison. Also treats malignant sores, heat-toxin abscesses, erysipelas, and erosive ulcers. Mix with water and apply. Found on rocks in Hezhou, resembling broken stones or Nao Sha.