（《日华》）
【释名】山羊蹄（《纲目》）、山大黄（《拾遗》）、 芜（《尔雅》）、酸母（《纲目》）、
（同）、当药。
时珍曰∶ 芜，乃酸模之音转，酸模又酸母之转，皆以味而名，与三叶酸母草同名。掌
禹锡以 芜为蔓菁菜，误矣。
【集解】弘景曰∶一种极似羊蹄而味酸，呼为酸模，根亦疗疥也。
大明曰∶所在有之，生山冈上。状似羊蹄叶而小黄。茎叶俱细。节间生子，若茺蔚子。
藏器曰∶即是山大黄，一名当药。其叶酸美，人亦采食其英。《尔雅》∶须， 芜。
郭璞注云∶似羊蹄而叶细，味酸可食。一名 也。
时珍曰∶平地亦有。根叶花形并同羊蹄，但叶小味酸为异。其根赤黄色。连根叶取汁炼
霜，可制雄、汞。
【气味】酸，寒，无毒。时珍曰∶叶酸，根微苦。
【主治】暴热腹胀，生捣汁服，当下利。杀皮肤小虫（藏器）。治疥（弘景）。疗痢乃佳
（保
升）。去汗斑，同紫萍捣擦，数日即没（时珍）。
【附方】新一。
瘭疽毒疮，肉中忽生黯子如粟豆，大者如梅李，或赤或黑，或青或白，其中有核，核有
深根，应心。肿泡紫黑色，能烂筋骨，毒入脏腑杀人∶宜灸黯上百壮。以酸模叶薄其四面，
防其长也。内服葵根汁，其毒自愈。（《千金方》）
【附录】牛舌实 《别录》有名未用曰∶味咸，温，无毒。主轻身益气。生水中泽旁。
实大，叶长尺。五月采实。一名豕首。
器曰∶今东土人呼田水中大叶如牛耳者，为牛耳菜。
时珍曰∶今人呼羊蹄为牛舌菜，恐羊蹄是根，此是其实。否则是羊蹄之生水中者也。
舌
《别录》曰∶味辛，微温，无毒。主霍乱腹痛，吐逆心烦。生水中。五月采之。
弘景曰∶生小小水中。今人五月五日采干，以治霍乱甚良。
蛇舌《别录》有名未用曰∶味酸，平，无毒。主除留血、惊气、蛇痫。生大水之阳。四
月
(Cited from *Ri Hua Ben Cao*)
[Names] Shan Yang Ti (Goat's Hoof) (*Ben Cao Gang Mu*), Shan Da Huang (Mountain Rhubarb) (*Shi Yi*), Tu Mo (*Er Ya*), Suan Mu (Sour Mother) (*Ben Cao Gang Mu*), [Character missing], Dang Yao.
Li Shizhen states: "Tu Mo" is a phonetic shift of "Suan Mo," and "Suan Mo" is a phonetic shift of "Suan Mu." All are named after their taste and share the same name as the three-leaf sour sorrel grass. Zhang Yuxi mistakenly identified "Tu Mo" as turnip greens (*Brassica rapa*).
[Collection and Explanation] Tao Hongjing says: There is a plant extremely similar to *Rumex patientia* (Sheep Sorrel) but with a sour taste, called Suan Mo. Its root can also treat scabies.
Meng Chang (Da Ming) says: It grows everywhere, on hillsides. Its shape resembles the leaves of *Rumex patientia* but is smaller and yellowish. The stems and leaves are both slender. Seeds form between the nodes, resembling seeds of *Leonurus japonicus*.
Chen Zangqi says: This is indeed Shan Da Huang, also known as Dang Yao. Its leaves are sour and sweet, and people also harvest its flowers for consumption. *Er Ya* records: Xu, is Tu Mo. Guo Pu's annotation states: Similar to *Rumex patientia* but with fine leaves; sour in taste and edible. Also known as [Character missing].
Li Shizhen says: It also grows in flatlands. The roots, leaves, and flower shapes are identical to *Rumex patientia*, differing only in that the leaves are smaller and the taste is sour. The roots are reddish-yellow. Extracting juice from the whole plant (roots and leaves) and refining it into a frost-like substance can be used to neutralize realgar and mercury.
[Flavor and Properties] Sour, cold, non-toxic. Li Shizhen says: Leaves are sour, roots are slightly bitter.
[Indications] For sudden heat accumulation causing abdominal distension, crush fresh plants to extract juice and ingest; this induces diarrhea to expel pathogens. Kills small insects on the skin (Chen Zangqi). Treats scabies (Tao Hongjing). Effective for treating dysentery (Kou Zongshi). Removes sweat spots; when crushed together with *Lemna minor* and applied externally, they disappear within a few days (Li Shizhen).
[Attached Prescriptions] One new prescription.
Biao Ju (Acute Carbuncle) toxic sores: Dark spots suddenly appear in the flesh, sized like millet beans or plums. Colors may be red, black, green, or white. There is a core within, with deep roots causing pain radiating to the heart. Swelling blisters are purple-black, capable of rotting muscles and bones, and if toxins enter the zang-fu organs, they can cause death. Suitable treatment involves moxibustion on the dark spot with over one hundred moxa cones. Place thin slices of Suan Mo leaves around the four sides of the lesion to prevent spread. Internally administer juice from *Abelmoschus manihot* (Okra) roots; the toxicity will heal itself. (*Qian Jin Fang*)
[Appendix] Niu She Shi (Ox Tongue Fruit)
*Naming Lu* lists an item "named but unused": Salty, warm, non-toxic. Mainly benefits lightening the body and boosting qi. Grows by water marshes. Fruits are large, leaves are one chi long. Harvest fruits in May. Also known as Shi Shou.
Chen Zangqi says: People in the eastern regions now call aquatic plants with large leaves resembling ox ears "Niu Er Cai" (Ox Ear Vegetable).
Li Shizhen says: People now call *Rumex patientia* "Niu She Cai" (Ox Tongue Vegetable). It is likely that "Rumex patientia" refers to the root, whereas this entry refers to its fruit. Otherwise, it refers to the variety of Rumex growing in water.
She She (Snake Tongue)
*Naming Lu* states: Pungent, slightly warm, non-toxic. Mainly treats Hu Luan (cholera-like syndrome) with abdominal pain, vomiting, reflux, and restlessness. Grows in water. Harvest in May.
Tao Hongjing says: Grows in small bodies of water. People now harvest and dry it on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month; it is very effective for treating Hu Luan.
She She (Snake Tongue - distinct entry)
*Naming Lu* lists an item "named but unused": Sour, neutral, non-toxic. Mainly removes retained blood, fright qi, and snake epilepsy. Grows on the sunny bank of large waters. April...