（《本经》中品）
【校正】并入《别录》生铁、《拾遗》劳铁。
【释名】黑金（《说文》）、乌金。
时珍曰∶铁，截也，刚可截物也。于五金属水，故曰黑金。
【集解】《别录》曰∶铁出牧羊平泽及 城，或析城，采无时。
弘景曰∶生铁是不破 ，枪、釜之类。钢铁是杂炼生 ，作刀、镰者。 音柔。
颂曰∶铁，今江南、西蜀有炉冶处皆有之。初炼去矿，用以铸泻器物者，为生铁。再三
销拍，可以作 者，为 铁，亦谓之熟铁。以生柔相杂和，用以作刀剑锋刃者，为钢铁。锻
家烧铁赤沸，砧上打下细皮屑者，为铁落。锻灶中飞出如尘，紫色而轻虚，可以莹磨铜器者，
为铁精。作针家磨 细末者，谓之针砂。取诸铁于器中水浸之，经久色青沫出可以染皂者，
为铁浆。以铁拍作片段，置醋糟中积久衣生刮取者，为铁华粉。入火飞炼者，为铁粉。又马
衔、秤锤、车辖及锯、杵、刀、斧，并俗用有效。
时珍曰∶铁皆取矿土炼成。秦、晋、淮、楚、湖南、闽、广诸山中皆产铁，以广铁为良
。甘肃土锭铁，色黑性坚，宜作刀剑。西番出宾铁尤胜。《宝藏论》云∶铁有五种∶荆铁出
当阳，色紫而坚利；上饶铁次之；宾铁出波斯，坚利可切金玉；太原、蜀山之铁顽滞；刚铁
生西南瘴海中山石上，状如紫石英，水火不能坏，穿珠切玉如土也。《土宿本草》云∶铁受
太阳之气。始生之初，卤石产焉。一百五十年而成磁石，二百年孕而成铁，又二百年不经采
炼而成铜，铜复化为白金，白金化为黄金，是铁与金银同一根源也。今取磁石碎之，内有铁
片，可验矣。
铁禀太阳之气，而阴气不交，故燥而不洁。性与锡相得。《管子》云∶上有赭，下有铁。
铁（《本经》） 恭曰∶此柔铁也，即熟铁。
藏器曰∶经用辛苦者，曰劳铁。
【气味】辛，平，有毒。
大明曰∶畏
磁石、灰炭，能制石亭脂毒。
曰∶铁遇神砂，如泥似粉。
时珍曰∶铁畏皂荚、猪犬脂、乳香、朴硝、 砂、盐卤、荔枝。貘食铁而蛟龙畏铁。凡
诸草木药皆忌铁器，而补肾药尤忌之，否则反消肝肾，盖肝伤则母气愈虚矣。
【主治】坚肌耐痛（《本经》）。劳铁疗贼风，烧赤投酒中饮（藏器）。
生铁（《别录》中品）
【气味】辛，微寒，微毒。（见铁下）
【主治】下部及脱肛（《别录》）。镇心安五脏，治痫疾，黑鬓发。治癣及恶疮疥，蜘蛛
咬，蒜磨，生油调敷（大明）。散瘀血，消丹毒（时珍）。
【发明】恭曰∶诸铁疗病，并不入丸散，皆煮取汁用之。
藏器曰∶铁砂、铁精，并入丸散。
时珍曰∶铁于五金，色黑配水，而其性则制木，故痫疾宜之。《素问》治阳气太盛，病
狂善怒者，用生铁落，正取伐木之义。《日华子》言其镇心安五脏，岂其然哉？本草载太清
服食法，言服铁伤肺者，乃肝字之误。
【附方】旧五，新一。
脱肛历年不入者。生铁二斤。水一斗，煮汁五升，洗之，日再。（《集验方》）
热甚耳聋∶烧铁投酒中饮之，仍以磁石塞耳，日易，夜去之。（《千金方》）
小儿丹毒∶烧铁淬水，饮一合。（陈氏《本草》）
小儿 疮，一名烂疮。烧铁淬水中二七遍，浴之，二、三遍，起作浆。（《子母秘录》）
打扑瘀血，在骨节及胁外不去。以生铁一斤，酒三升，煮一升服。（《肘后方》）
熊虎伤毒∶生铁煮令有味，洗之。（《肘后方》）
(Recorded in the Middle Category of *Shennong Bencao Jing*)
[Correction] Integrated with *Shengtie* (Raw Iron) from *Bielu* and *Laotie* (Labor-worn Iron) from *Shiyi*.
[Names] Black Gold (*Shuowen Jiezi*), Wujin.
Li Shizhen stated: "Tie" (Iron) means to cut, as it is hard enough to cut objects. In the Five Elements, iron corresponds to Water, hence it is called Black Gold.
[Collected Explanations] *Bielu* states: Iron is produced in Yangmu Pingze and certain cities, or Xicheng, and can be collected at any time.
Tao Hongjing stated: Raw iron refers to unbroken lumps of iron, such as spearheads and cauldrons. Steel is made by smelting raw iron and soft iron together to make knives and sickles. "Rou" (Soft) sounds like "Rou".
Su Song stated: Iron is found wherever there are smelting furnaces in Jiangnan and Xishu today. The iron initially smelted to remove ore impurities for casting vessels is called Raw Iron. After repeated smelting and hammering, it becomes Soft Iron, also known as Rou Tie, which can be used to make utensils. Mixing raw and soft iron to make sword and knife blades is called Steel. The fine skin flakes beaten off red-hot iron on an anvil by smiths are called *Tieluo* (Iron Drops). The purple, light, and void dust-like substance flying out of the forge, used for polishing copper vessels, is called *Tiejing* (Iron Essence). The fine powder ground by needle makers is called *Zhensha* (Needle Sand). Soaking various irons in water until a green foam appears over time, which can dye black silk, is called *Tiejiang* (Iron Slurry). Scraping the rust that grows after placing iron pieces in vinegar lees for a long time is called *Tiehuafen* (Iron Flower Powder). Smelting in fire produces *Tiefen* (Iron Powder). Additionally, horse bits, weights, wheel hubs, saws, pestles, knives, and axes are all effective in folk use.
Li Shizhen stated: Iron is smelted from mineral soil. Mountains in Qin, Jin, Huai, Chu, Hunan, Fujian, and Guangdong all produce iron, with Guang Iron being the best. Tuding Iron from Gansu is black and hard, suitable for making swords and knives. Bin Iron from Tibet is superior. *Baozang Lun* states: There are five types of iron: Jing Iron from Dangyang is purple, hard, and sharp; Shangrao Iron is next; Bin Iron from Persia is hard and sharp enough to cut jade; Iron from Taiyuan and Shu mountains is dull and sluggish; Gang Iron grows on rocks in the miasma seas of the southwest, resembling purple quartz, indestructible by fire and water, capable of drilling beads and cutting jade like earth. *Tusux Bencao* states: Iron receives Qi from the Sun. Initially, halite is produced. After 150 years, it becomes magnetite; after 200 years, it conceives into iron; after another 200 years, without mining or smelting, it becomes copper; copper transforms into white gold, and white gold into yellow gold. Thus, iron shares the same origin as gold and silver. Breaking magnetite reveals iron flakes inside, verifying this.
Iron inherits Solar Qi but does not interact with Yin Qi, so it is dry and unclean. Its nature harmonizes with Tin. *Guanzi* states: Where there is ochre above, there is iron below.
*Tie* (Iron) [Recorded in *Shennong Bencao Jing*]
Meng Shen stated: This is Rou Tie (Soft Iron), i.e., wrought iron.
Chen Cangqi stated: Iron worn through use is called Laotie.
[Flavor and Properties] Pungent, Neutral, Toxic.
Meng Shen stated: It fears Magnetite and Ash Charcoal; it can counteract the toxicity of Shitingzhi.
An unnamed physician stated: When iron meets Shensha (Cinnabar), it becomes soft as mud and fine as powder.
Li Shizhen stated: Iron fears Gleditsia sinensis, pig/dog fat, Frankincense, Nitrates, Nao Sha (Ammonium Chloride), Salt Brine, and Lychee. Tapirs eat iron, while dragons fear iron. All herbal medicines avoid iron vessels, especially kidney-tonifying herbs, otherwise they consume Liver and Kidney Qi, as Liver injury leads to further deficiency of Mother Qi.
[Indications] Firm muscles and endure pain (*Shennong Bencao Jing*). Laotie treats Zefeng (Evil Wind); burn red hot and drink in wine (Chen Cangqi).
*Shengtie* (Raw Iron) [Recorded in *Bielu*, Middle Category]
[Flavor and Properties] Pungent, Slightly Cold, Slightly Toxic. (See under Iron)
[Indications] Lower body diseases and rectal prolapse (*Bielu*). Calms the Heart and anchors the Five Viscera, treats epilepsy, darkens hair. Treats tinea and malignant sores/scabies, spider bites; grind with garlic, mix with raw oil, and apply externally (Meng Shen). Disperses blood stasis, eliminates Dan Du (Red Heat Toxin) (Li Shizhen).
[Elucidation] Meng Shen stated: Various irons for treating diseases are not used in pills or powders; they are boiled to extract juice.
Chen Cangqi stated: Tiesha (Iron Sand) and Tiejing (Iron Essence) are included in pills and powders.
Li Shizhen stated: Among the Five Metals, Iron is black and corresponds to Water, but its nature controls Wood, hence it is suitable for epilepsy. *Suwen* treats mania and anger due to excessive Yang Qi using Shengtieluo (Raw Iron Drops), precisely taking the meaning of subduing Wood. *Rihua Zi* says it calms the Heart and anchors the Five Viscera; is this true? *Bencao* records the Taqing Fushi Fa (Taqing Consumption Method), stating that consuming iron injures the Lungs; this is a typo for "Liver".
[Attached Prescriptions] Five old prescriptions, one new prescription.
Rectal prolapse unreduced for years: 2 jin of Raw Iron. Boil in 1 dou of water to obtain 5 sheng of juice, wash the area, twice daily. (*Jiyan Fang*)
Severe heat causing deafness: Drink wine with red-hot iron quenched in it; plug ears with Magnetite, change daily, remove at night. (*Qianjin Fang*)
Pediatric Dan Du: Quench red-hot iron in water, drink 1 ge. (Chen's *Bencao*)
Pediatric Gan Chuang (a type of ulcer/rotten sore): Quench red-hot iron in water 14 times, bathe in it. After 2-3 baths, pus forms. (*Zimu Milu*)
Traumatic blood stasis in joints and lateral ribs that cannot disperse: Boil 1 jin of Raw Iron in 3 sheng of wine to obtain 1 sheng, take orally. (*Zhouhou Fang*)
Bear/Tiger bite poisoning: Boil Raw Iron until it has flavor, wash the wound. (*Zhouhou Fang*)