味辛，温，无毒、有毒。主治绝伤，补中，续筋骨，填髓脑，安五脏。五缓六急，风寒
湿痹，治咳嗽，消瘀血，痞结，腰痛，女子疝瘕，利小肠，去蛔虫。生漆∶去长虫。久服轻
身，耐老。生汉中川谷。夏至后采，干之。（半夏为之使，畏鸡子，今又忌油脂。）
今梁州漆最胜，益州亦有，广州漆性急易燥。其诸处漆桶上盖里，自然有干者，状如蜂
房，孔孔隔者为佳。生漆毒烈，人以鸡子白和服之，去虫。犹有啮肠胃者，畏漆人乃致死。
外气亦能使身肉疮肿，自别有治法。仙方用蟹消之为水，炼服长生。（《新修》九九页，《大
观》
味辛，温，无毒。主治咳逆，头痛，脑动，百节拘挛，风湿痹痛，死肌。温中，下气，
破痰，利水道，开胸中，除喉痹， 鼻，风痫、癫疾，下乳结，汗不出，血不行，安五脏，
益肝胆，通精气。久服明目，利九窍，轻身，长年。一名小辛。生华阴山谷。二月、八月采
根，阴干。（曾青、桑根为之使，得当归、芍药、白芷、芎 、牡丹、 本、甘草共治妇人，
得决明、鲤鱼胆、青羊肝共治目痛。恶野狼毒、山茱萸、黄 ，畏硝石、滑石，反藜芦。
今用东阳临海者，形段乃好，而辛烈不及华阴、高丽者。用之去其头节。人患口臭者，
含
味苦、甘，平、微温，无毒。主治风寒所击，金疮止痛，贲豚，痫 ，女子疝瘕。治诸
贼风，百节痛风无久新者。久服轻身，耐老。一名羌活，一名羌青，一名护羌使者，一名胡
王使者，一名独摇草。此草得风不摇，无风自动。生雍州川谷，或陇西南安。二月、八月采
根，曝干。（豚实为之使。）
药名无豚实，恐是蠡实。此州郡县并是羌活。羌活形细而多节，软润，气息极猛烈。出
益州北部、西川为独活，色微白，形虚大，为用亦相似，而小不如。其一茎直上，不为风摇。
故
[Qianxi (Dried Resin of Toosendan Tree)]
Pungent in flavor, warm in nature, non-toxic (some sources consider it toxic). It primarily treats severe traumatic injuries, tonifies the middle jiao, reconnects sinews and bones, fills the marrow and brain, and calms the five zang organs. It treats the "five slacknesses" and "six tensions," wind-cold-damp bi syndrome, cough, resolves blood stasis, dissipates nodules and accumulations, relieves lower back pain, treats female hernia and mass formations, promotes urination through the small intestine, and expels roundworms. Raw lacquer: Expels long worms (intestinal parasites). Long-term consumption makes the body light and resists aging. Grows in the valleys of Hanzhong. Harvested after the Summer Solstice and dried. (Banxia [Pinelliae Rhizoma] acts as its guiding herb; it is incompatible with eggs, and currently, oil and fat are also contraindicated.) The lacquer from Liangzhou is currently the best; Yizhou also produces it, while that from Guangzhou has a急躁 (irritable/hasty) nature and dries easily. On the lids of lacquer buckets in other regions, naturally dried lacquer forms on the inner surface; those resembling honeycombs with distinct pores are considered superior. Raw lacquer is highly toxic. People mix it with egg white for oral administration to expel worms. However, cases of gastrointestinal erosion still occur, and individuals allergic to lacquer may even die. External application can also cause skin sores and swelling, which have their own specific treatments. Immortal formulas use crab to dissolve it into water, which, after refining, can be taken for longevity. (Xinxiu Bencao, p. 99; Daguan Bencao)
[Xixin (Asari Root)]
Pungent in flavor, warm in nature, non-toxic. It primarily treats cough with rebellious qi, headache, throbbing pain in the head, spasms and contractures of all joints, wind-damp bi pain, and necrotic muscle tissue. It warms the middle, directs qi downward, breaks up phlegm, promotes fluid metabolism, opens the chest, removes throat obstruction, nasal congestion, wind-stroke epilepsy, manic-depressive disorders, resolves breast lumps, induces sweating when absent, promotes blood circulation, calms the five zang organs, benefits the liver and gallbladder, and unites essence and qi. Long-term consumption brightens the eyes, benefits the nine orifices, makes the body light, and prolongs life. Also known as Xiaoxin. Grows in the valleys of Huayin. Harvested in February and August, roots are dried in the shade. (Zengqing [Chalcocite] and Sanggen [Mori Cortex] act as its guiding herbs; combined with Danggui [Angelicae Sinensis Radix], Shaoyao [Paeoniae Radix], Baizhi [Angelicae Dahuricae Radix], Xiongqiong [Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma], Mudan [Moutan Cortex], Gaoben [Ligustici Rhizoma et Radix], and Gancao [Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma], it treats women's diseases; combined with Juemingzi [Cassiae Semen], Liyu dan [Cyprini Carpa Bile], and Qingyang gan [Hirci Fel], it treats eye pain. It is aversive to Ye Langdu [Stellerae Chamaejasme Radix], Shanzhuyu [Corni Fructus], and Huangqin [Scutellariae Radix]; it fears Xiaoshi [Natrii Sulfas] and Huashi [Talcum]; it is inversely compatible with Liful [Tribuli Fructus]. Currently, the variety from Dongyang Linhai is used; its segments are good in form, but its pungency is not as strong as that from Huayin or Korea. When used, the head and nodes are removed. For those suffering from halitosis, holding it in the mouth...)
[Duhuo (Angelicae Pubescentis Radix)]
Bitter and sweet in flavor, neutral and slightly warm in nature, non-toxic. It primarily treats injuries caused by wind-cold, relieves pain from metallic wounds, treats ben tun (gas attacking upward), epilepsy, and female hernia and mass formations. It treats various pathogenic winds and joint pains (bi syndrome) regardless of whether they are recent or chronic. Long-term consumption makes the body light and resists aging. Also known as Qianghuo, Qiangqing, Huqiang Shizhe, Huwang Shizhe, and Duyao Cao (Swaying Grass). This herb does not sway when there is wind but moves spontaneously when there is no wind. Grows in the valleys of Yongzhou, or Long'an County in Nan'an. Harvested in February and August, roots are sun-dried. (Tunshi [likely Vitex fruit] acts as its guiding herb.)
The pharmacopoeia name "Tunshi" is likely a corruption of "Lishi" (Vitex fruit). In this region's prefectures and counties, Qianghuo is produced. Qianghuo is slender with many nodes, soft and moist, and has an extremely potent aroma. The variety from Northern Yizhou and Western Sichuan is called Duhuo; it is slightly white in color, larger in shape, and similar in efficacy but slightly inferior. Its single stem grows straight upward and does not sway in the wind. Therefore...