味苦，寒，无毒。主治消渴，身热，烦满，大热，补虚，安中，续绝伤。除肠胃中痼热，
八疸身面黄，唇干口燥，短气，通月水，止小便利。一名地楼，一名果裸，一名天瓜，一名
泽姑。实，名黄瓜，主胸痹，悦泽人面。茎叶，治中热伤暑。生弘农川谷及山阴地。入土深
者良。生卤地者有毒。二月、八月采根曝干，三十日成。（枸杞为之使，恶干姜，畏牛膝、
干漆，反乌头。）
出近道，藤生，状如土瓜，而叶有叉。《毛诗》云∶果裸之实，亦施于宇。其实今以杂
作手膏，用根，入土六、七尺，大二、三围者，服食亦用之。（《大观》卷八，《政和》一九
七
味苦，微寒，无毒。主治心腹邪气，肠鸣幽幽如走水，寒热，积聚，破症，除瘕，止烦
满，益气。养血，去心腹痼疾结气，腰脊强脚痹，除风邪留热。久服利人。一名 蝉草，一
名赤参，一名木羊乳。生桐柏山川谷及太山。五月采根，曝干。（畏咸水，反藜芦。）
此桐柏山，是淮水源所出之山，在义阳，非江东临海之桐柏也。今近道处处有，茎方有
毛，紫花，时人呼为逐马。酒渍饮之，治风痹。道家时有用处，时人服之多眼赤，故应性热，
今
味苦，温、大温，无毒。主治中风，伤寒，头痛，寒热，惊悸，气血痹。死肌，去三虫。
温中，益气，消痰下气，治霍乱及腹痛，胀满，胃中冷逆，胸中呕逆不止，泄痢，淋露，除
惊，去留热，止烦满，浓肠胃。一名浓皮，一名赤朴。其树名榛，其子名逐杨。治鼠 ，明
目，益气。生交址、冤句。三月、九月、十月采皮，阴干。（干姜为之使，恶泽泻、寒水石、
硝石。）
今出建平、宜都，极浓、肉紫色为好，壳薄而白者不如。用之削去上甲错皮。世方多用，
道家不须也。（《新修》一二五页，《大观》卷十三，《政和》三二四页）
Bitter in flavor, cold in nature, non-toxic. It treats xiaoke (wasting-thirst syndrome), body heat, irritability and fullness, severe heat, tonifies deficiency, calms the middle jiao, and repairs severe injuries. It clears stubborn heat in the stomach and intestines, treats the eight types of jaundice causing yellowing of the body and face, dry lips and mouth, shortness of breath, regulates menstruation, and stops excessive urination. Also known as Dilou, Guoluo, Tiangua, and Zezhu. The fruit is called Huanggua, which treats xiongbi (chest bi-syndrome) and enhances facial luster. The stems and leaves treat summerheat injury. It grows in the valleys and north-facing slopes of Hongnong. Roots that penetrate deep into the soil are superior. Those growing in saline-alkali land are toxic. Collect roots in February and August, sun-dry them for thirty days to prepare. (Gouqi Fructus [Goji Berry] serves as an assistant; incompatible with Ganjiang [Dried Ginger]; adverse reaction with Niuxi Radix [Achyranthes Root] and Ganshi Resina [Dammar]; contrary to Wutou Radix Preparata [Prepared Aconite Root].)
It is produced in nearby regions, a vine-like plant resembling Tugua but with forked leaves. The *Mao Shi* states: "The fruit of Guoluo spreads over the eaves." Its fruit is currently mixed into hand salves. The root, penetrating six or seven chi deep and two or three cun thick, is also used for consumption. (*Da Guan Ben Cao*, Vol. 8; *Zheng He Ben Cao*, p. 197)
Bitter in flavor, slightly cold in nature, non-toxic. It treats pathogenic factors in the heart and abdomen, intestinal murmurs sounding like flowing water, alternating chills and fever, accumulations and masses, breaks up zheng masses, eliminates jia masses, stops irritability and fullness, benefits qi, nourishes blood, removes stubborn diseases and qi stagnation in the heart and abdomen, relieves stiffness of the waist and spine and numbness of the legs, and dispels wind pathogens and lingering heat. Long-term use benefits the person. Also known as Chancacao, Chishen, and Muyangru. It grows in the valleys of Tongbai Mountain and Mount Tai. Collect roots in May, sun-dry them. (Adverse reaction with Xianshui [Salt Water]; contrary to Lulu Rhizoma [Veratrum Rhizome].)
This Tongbai Mountain is the source of the Huai River, located in Yiyang, not the Tongbai Mountain in Linhai, Jiangdong. It is now found everywhere along nearby roads; the stem is square and hairy, flowers are purple, and contemporary people call it Zhuma. Soaked in wine and drunk, it treats wind-bi. Daoists sometimes use it; contemporary users often experience red eyes, suggesting its nature may be hot. Currently...
Bitter in flavor, warm to very warm in nature, non-toxic. It treats wind-stroke, shanghan (cold damage), headache, alternating chills and fever, palpitations due to fright, qi and blood bi-syndrome, necrotic muscle tissue, and removes three parasites. It warms the middle, benefits qi, resolves phlegm and directs qi downward, treats huoluan (cholera-like syndrome) and abdominal pain, distension and fullness, cold rebellion in the stomach, incessant vomiting from the chest, dysentery, dribbling urine, alleviates fright, removes lingering heat, stops irritability and fullness, and thickens the intestines and stomach. Also known as Nongpi and Chipu. The tree is named Zhen, and its seed is named Zhuyang. It treats shuluo (scrofula), brightens the eyes, and benefits qi. It grows in Jiaozhi and Yuanju. Collect bark in March, September, and October, dry in shade. (Ganjiang [Dried Ginger] serves as an assistant; incompatible with Zexia Rhizoma [Alisma Rhizome], Hanshuishi [Halloysitum], and Xiaoshi [Niter].)
It is now produced in Jianping and Yidu; those that are extremely thick with purple flesh are best, while those with thin shells and white flesh are inferior. When used, the rough outer skin must be scraped off. It is widely used in secular prescriptions but not required by Daoists. (*Xinxiu Bencao*, p. 125; *Da Guan Ben Cao*, Vol. 13; *Zheng He Ben Cao*, p. 324)