味甘、酸，寒、大寒，无毒。主治青盲、耳聋，明目，利九窍，通血脉，养精神，益肝
气，治目赤痛，去肤翳，止泪出，利水道，下乳汁，通关节，破坚积。久服轻身，延年不老，
令人不忘，志高、神仙。能化铜、铁、铅、锡作金。生益州山谷及越西山有铜处。铜精熏则
生空青，其腹中空。三月中旬采，亦无时。
越西属益州。今出铜官者，色最鲜深，出始兴者弗如，益州诸郡无复有，恐久不采之故
也。凉州西平郡有空青山，亦甚多。今空青俱圆实如铁珠，无空复者，皆凿土石中取之。又
以合丹成，则化铅为金矣。诸石药中，惟此最贵。医方乃稀用之，而多充画也，殊为可惜。
（
味酸，小寒，无毒。主治目痛，止泪出，风痹，利关节，通九窍，破症坚、积聚，养
胆，除寒热，杀白虫，治头风、脑中寒，止烦渴，补不足，盛阴气。久服轻身不老。能化金
、铜。生蜀中山谷及越西，采无时。（畏菟丝子。）
此说与空青同山，疗体亦相似。今铜官更无曾青，惟出始兴。形累累如黄连相缀，色理
小
卷三，《政和》九一页）
味甘、酸、咸，平，无毒。主明目，利九窍，耳聋，心下邪气，令人吐，杀诸毒，三虫。
久服通神明，轻身，延年不老。可消为铜剑，辟五兵。生豫章山谷。采无时。
此医方不复用，市人亦无卖者，惟《仙经》三十六水方中时有须处。铜剑之法，具在九
元
[Congqing] (Kong Qing, Azurite)
Taste: Sweet, Sour. Nature: Cold or Very Cold. Toxicity: Non-toxic.
Indications: Treats Qingmang (blindness or severe visual impairment), deafness; brightens the eyes; benefits the nine orifices; unblocks blood vessels; nourishes the spirit; supplements Liver Qi; treats red and painful eyes; removes eye nebulae; stops tearing; promotes urination; induces lactation; unblocks joints; breaks down hard accumulations. Long-term use lightens the body, prolongs life, enhances memory, elevates aspirations, and leads to immortality. It can transform copper, iron, lead, and tin into gold.
Source: Grows in the valleys of Yizhou and the western mountains of Yuexi where copper ores are found. Kong Qing is formed by the fumigation of copper essence, characterized by a hollow interior. Harvested in mid-March, but can be collected at any time.
Notes: Yuexi belongs to Yizhou. Currently, those from Tongguan have the most vibrant and deep color; those from Shixing are inferior. The various commanderies of Yizhou no longer produce it, likely due to long-term lack of mining. There is also an Empty Green Mountain (Kongqing Shan) in Xiping Commandery, Liangzhou, which yields abundant amounts. Current Kong Qing specimens are solid and round like iron beads, lacking the hollow structure, and are chiseled out from earth and stone. They are used in alchemy to transform lead into gold. Among all mineral drugs, this is the most precious. Medical prescriptions rarely use it, and it is mostly used for painting, which is a great pity.
[Zengqing] (Zeng Qing, Chrysocolla)
Taste: Sour. Nature: Slightly Cold. Toxicity: Non-toxic.
Indications: Treats eye pain; stops tearing; treats Wind-Bi (wind-damp obstruction); benefits joints; unblocks the nine orifices; breaks down fixed masses and accumulations; nourishes the Gallbladder; eliminates alternating chills and fever; kills white parasites; treats Head Wind and cold in the brain; stops irritability and thirst; tonifies deficiencies; strengthens Yin Qi. Long-term use lightens the body and prevents aging. It can transform gold and copper.
Source: Grows in the valleys of Shu and Yuexi. Harvested at any time. (Incompatible with Cuscutae Semen).
Notes: This description shares the same origin as Kong Qing, and its therapeutic properties are similar. Currently, Zeng Qing is no longer produced in Tongguan, only in Shixing. Its shape clusters together like linked Coptidis Rhizoma (Huanglian), with slightly inferior color and texture.
[Baiqing] (Bai Qing, Malachite)
Taste: Sweet, Sour, Salty. Nature: Neutral. Toxicity: Non-toxic.
Indications: Brightens the eyes; benefits the nine orifices; treats deafness; clears pathogenic factors under the heart; induces vomiting; kills various toxins and three types of parasites. Long-term use enhances spiritual clarity, lightens the body, and prolongs life. It can dissolve copper to make swords and ward off weapons.
Source: Grows in the valleys of Yuzhang. Harvested at any time.
Notes: It is no longer used in medical prescriptions, nor sold in markets. It is occasionally required in the "Thirty-Six Waters" formula of the Immortal Scriptures. The method for making copper swords is detailed in Jiuyuan...