味苦，微寒，无毒。主治鼠 寒热，下痢脓血不止。白花者主白下，赤花者主赤下。一
名，一名陵翘。生平泽中。四月采叶，七月采花，阴干。
田野甚多，人采作滋染皂。又用治下 ，当浓煮取汁，令可丸服之。今人亦用作饮。（《
大观》卷十一，《政和》二七三页）
味甘，寒。主治浮热在皮肤，往来寒热，利小肠膀胱气。生屋上阴处。八月、九月采。
此瓦屋上青苔衣，剥取煮服之。（《大观》卷十一，《政和》二八四页）
味苦，寒，有毒。主下气，治脚满水肿，除风毒，利小便。
作藤生，花状如扁豆，黄色。子作小房，实黑色，形如球子核。比来服之，以治脚满气
急，得小便利，无不瘥。此药始出田野人牵牛易药，故以名之。又有一种草，叶上有三白点，
世
味辛，平，有大毒。主治咳逆上气，破积聚饮食，寒热水气，胁下积癖，恶疮，鼠 ，
疽蚀，鬼精，蛊毒，杀飞鸟走兽。一名续毒。生秦亭山谷及奉高。二月、八月采根，阴干
，陈而沉水者良。（大豆为之使，恶麦句姜。）
秦亭在陇西，亦出宕昌。乃言只有数亩地生，蝮蛇食其根，故为难得。亦用太山者，今
用出汉中及建平。云与防葵同根类，但置水中沉者，便是野狼毒，浮者则是防葵。世用稀，亦
难得，是治腹内要药尔。（《大观》卷十一，《政和》二六八页）
[Salvia Miltiorrhiza / Mouse Tail Sage]
Bitter in taste, slightly cold in nature, non-toxic. It primarily treats scrofula (tuberculous lymphadenitis of the neck) characterized by alternating chills and fever, and dysentery with continuous pus and blood discharge. The white-flowered variety treats white dysentery, while the red-flowered variety treats red dysentery. Also known as Lingqiao. Grows in plains and marshes. Leaves are harvested in April, flowers in July, and dried in the shade. It is abundant in fields; people harvest it to dye soap. It is also used to treat lower jiao damp-heat dysentery; it should be decocted strongly to extract the juice and formed into pills for administration. Nowadays, people also use it as a tea infusion. (Da Guan Ben Cao, Vol. 11; Zheng He Zheng Lei Ben Cao, p. 273)
[Roof Moss]
Sweet in taste, cold in nature. It primarily treats floating heat on the skin, alternating chills and fever, and promotes the qi mechanism of the small intestine and bladder. It grows on the shaded roofs of houses. Harvested in August and September. This refers to the green moss growing on tile roofs; it is peeled off and boiled for consumption. (Da Guan Ben Cao, Vol. 11; Zheng He Zheng Lei Ben Cao, p. 284)
[Ipsom Seed / Morning Glory Seed]
Bitter in taste, cold in nature, toxic. It directs qi downward, treats edema and swelling of the legs, expels wind toxicity, and promotes urination. It is a vine plant; its flowers resemble those of the broad bean and are yellow. Its fruits are small pods containing black seeds shaped like spherical kernels. Recently, this herb has been used to treat leg swelling and shortness of breath; once urination becomes smooth, recovery is invariably achieved. This herb was originally named because field people exchanged it using "pulling oxen" (referring to the seed's shape or method of exchange). There is another grass species with three white spots on its leaves... (Text ends here)
[Northern Cynanchum / Wild Wolf Poison]
Pungent in taste, neutral in nature, highly toxic. It primarily treats cough with rebellious qi, breaks up food stagnation and accumulations, treats cold-hot water retention, hypochondriac masses and癖块 (fixed lumps), malignant sores, scrofula, ulcerative lesions, evil spirits, gu poison, and can kill flying birds and running beasts. Also known as Xu Du. Grows in the valleys of Qinting and Fenggao. Roots are harvested in February and August, dried in the shade. Old roots that sink in water are considered superior. (Soybean acts as its guiding drug; it is incompatible with Polygoni Multiflori Caulis / Maijujiang.)
Qinting is located in Longxi, and Dangchang also produces it. It is said that only a few mu of land produce it, and because vipers eat its roots, it is rare and precious. Some use specimens from Mount Tai; currently, those from Hanzhong and Jianping are preferred. It is claimed to share the same root class with Fangkui (Astragali Complanati Radix); when placed in water, those that sink are Wild Wolf Poison, while those that float are Fangkui. It is rarely used by physicians today and is hard to obtain, yet it is an essential medicine for treating internal abdominal diseases. (Da Guan Ben Cao, Vol. 11; Zheng He Zheng Lei Ben Cao, p. 268)