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Cortex Broussonetiae Papyriferae (Chugen Baipi)
Taste: bitter and astringent. Nature: cold. Slightly toxic. Grows in both north and south; its wood is of little use. The trunk is often knotty and swollen, making it difficult to align with a carpenter's ink line. Branches are curled like fists, failing to meet standard rules and squares. It resembles Toona sinensis (Xiangchun), requiring clear distinction. [Note: Original text describes characteristics distinguishing them]. The tall tree with an upright trunk is Toona sinensis; the smaller tree with flowers and pods, often short and crooked, is Broussonetia papyrifera (Chuchun). Furthermore: Toona sinensis has solid wood and fragrant leaves, while Broussonetia papyrifera has loose wood and foul odor. Modern people do not recognize the name "Chu," hence commonly calling it "Stinky Toona." For medicinal use, dig up fine roots growing eastward, scrape off the outer layer to obtain the white bark, and honey-fry it. It stops excessive menstruation in women, chronic dysentery with leukorrhea, and metrorrhagia. It prevents nocturnal emission, spermatorrhea, and seminal leakage in men, as well as intestinal wind and hemorrhoids. It reduces urinary volume and expels roundworms. Its pods, when harvested and sun-dried, are especially effective for hematochezia (blood in stool). Cortex Toonae Sinensis (Chunbaipi) treats pediatric malnutrition (Gan syndrome); only the white variety is superior. Its hemostatic effect is similar, and it is used in gynecology.
[Commentary by Mo]: Wang Shishan stated that both Toona sinensis and Broussonetia papyrifera have two varieties: one with red bark and one with white bark. The white-barked variety flowers before leafing out, with rough bark resembling millet grains; the red-barked variety leaves out before flowering, with smooth and fine bark. The leaves are identical, with no difference in fragrance or odor. Medicinally, only the white bark is utilized. Therefore, in prescriptions, there is no distinction between Toona sinensis and Broussonetia papyrifera; one need only select the white-barked variety for collection, without being constrained by whether it smells fragrant or foul.

Cortex Ulmi (Yupi)
Taste: sweet. Nature: neutral. Property: slippery and lubricating, descending. Non-toxic. Grows abundantly in valleys and is found everywhere. Select the inner white bark, dry it immediately for medicinal use. Do not let it become damp, as dampness harms the body. It promotes urination, eliminates five types of strangury (Wulin), counteracts the toxicity of mineral drugs (Danshi), and benefits joints. Crushed and mixed with strong vinegar, it is applied thinly for erythema and swelling. Boiled into a paste/malt syrup, it is taken continuously for cold-type rhinorrhea (Qiu). Long-term use by the elderly causes excessive sleepiness; use by pregnant women induces abortion. Freshly stripped bark, pounded into a paste, adheres strongly to tiles and stones. Bark slime applied to tinea (ringworm) kills parasites instantly. Leaves are particularly effective in countering mineral drug toxicity; taking 1 liang raw in one dose yields immediate results. Consumed daily as a soup, edema resolves. Flowers treat pediatric convulsions and epilepsy, and also relieve urinary obstruction and difficulty. Fruits grow in pods, which make fragrant sauce. Due to its slightly pungent taste, it assists Lung Qi. It kills various insects, dissipates malignant qi in the heart and abdomen, and sudden heart pain; treats pediatric conditions, applies to scalding head sores and various tinea and scabies. Pods made into soup with a small amount of beef stop leukorrhea and metrorrhagia in women upon consumption.