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[White Duck Droppings]
Nature: Cold. Toxicity: Non-toxic. Do not use dried droppings; select fresh ones. It excels at resolving accumulations and stagnations, and is effective in dispersing accumulated heat. For dry toxins caused by metallic drugs (metals such as gold, silver, copper, iron, tin) in the abdomen, and for poisoning from various mineral medicines, squeeze out a thick juice and drink it. For swellings, malignant sores, itching hot sores on the body, mix with egg white and apply externally. It can also be applied to reduce swelling from earthworm bites.

[Duck Meat]
The meat has a slightly cold nature and is excellent for tonifying deficiency. Ge Kejiu used it to treat consumption and weakness; "Baifeng Gao" (White Phoenix Paste) was recorded in medical formularies. It promotes urination, reduces edema and distension, harmonizes the zang-fu organs, and clears sudden heat, convulsions, and epilepsy. Select those with white feathers and black beaks as the best quality. Avoid consuming together with turtle and soft-shell turtle meat. Droppings that are bean-green in color can also be used in medicine; those with white eyes are toxic and can cause death. Swallow duck blood mixed with wine frequently to detoxify various poisons with great efficacy. Make pills from duck heads for oral administration (ancient formulas include "Yatou Wan" [Duck Head Pill]), which is also effective for treating edema. Duck eggs have a cold nature and clear heat from the chest and heart; excessive consumption may gradually weaken the legs and knees. Those who care for infants must know this.

Wild Duck Meat
Flavor: Sweet. Nature: Cool. Toxicity: Non-toxic. Resembles domestic ducks but has wings capable of long-distance flight. Abundant in the Jiangbei region, edible in winter. (Consumption after Frost's Descent and before Beginning of Spring surpasses that of domestic ducks.) Although cold in nature, it does not deplete Qi; it clears heat and heals sores. (For small sores that heal slowly, frequent consumption leads to recovery.) It aids digestion, harmonizes the stomach, lightens the body, reduces edema, tonifies deficiency, and strengthens strength. It eliminates malignant sores and boils, and drives out heat-toxic wind. Three foods should strictly be avoided when eating wild duck: walnuts, fermented soybeans (douchi), and wood ear mushrooms. Another variety, very small in size, is called "Dao Ya" (Knife Duck). Its flavor is also sweet and cool, and consumption provides tonification.

(Chen Jiamo) Commentary: Wild ducks and domestic ducks share similarities but also have distinct differences. Yin Zi stated: Wild ducks are called "Fu" (fú), while domestic ducks are called "Yi" (yì, pronounced mu). Because their constitution is "wood-like," they cannot fly, just as commoners stick to farming. Thus, in the *Rites of Zhou*, commoners presented "Yi," indicating clearly that "Yi" refers to domestic ducks. Kou Zongshi's *Yanyi* quoted Wang Bo's poem: "Falling clouds fly together with a lone wild duck (wu)." He interpreted "Wu" as wild duck. However, poets describe scenes and evoke emotions through objects; one should not rigidly adhere to literal forms. Moreover, in the following entry regarding "Goose Fat," the *Shennong Bencao Jing* also uses the term "Wu." This likely refers to the tail feathers or end part of the goose. If one were to identify "Wu" as wild duck based on this, then what would "Fu" be?