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Cheqianzi (Plantaginis Semen)

Taste: Sweet, salty. Nature: Cold. Toxicity: Non-toxic. It grows everywhere in the mountains, wilds, and along roadsides. Also known as Niushucao (Cow-tongue Grass), it is also called Xiamayi (Toad's Clothing). The flower stalk rises from among the leaves, and seeds are formed on top of the stalk. The seeds are small and resemble Tingli (Descurainiae Semen seu Herba). They are harvested during the Duanwu Festival (5th day of the 5th lunar month). It specifically enters the Bladder Meridian and also treats Liver conditions. It promotes urination to treat Lin syndrome (dysuria characterized by frequent, urgent, painful, or difficult urination) with dribbling and astringent pain; preventing the loss of essence is considered its unique efficacy. It dispels wind-heat causing redness and swelling pain in the eyes, and rapidly removes nebula (corneal opacity), which is truly wonderful. It can expel damp-bi (painful obstruction syndrome due to dampness); it can facilitate childbirth. It benefits essence and strengthens Yin, enabling fertility. Therefore, in the current seed-based formula Wuzi Yanzong Wan (Five-Seed Procreation Pill), which contains Gouqi (Lycii Fructus), Tusizi (Cuscutae Semen), Wuweizi (Schisandrae Fructus), and Fupenzi (Rubiae Fructus), Cheqianzi is also listed among its ingredients, likely due to this understanding. Crushing the roots and leaves to extract fresh juice for drinking treats various forms of epistaxis, dysentery, and hematuria. It also promotes water passages and can drive out Qi-long (urinary retention due to Qi stagnation). Long-term consumption lightens the body and prolongs life.

Difuzi (Kochiae Fructus) produced in Mizhou
Difuzi (Kochiae Fructus) produced in Shuzhou
(Also known as Luoshuzi.) Taste: Bitter. Nature: Cold. Toxicity: Non-toxic. It grows in plains and marshes. Its seedling is named Tiesaozhou (Iron Broom). The leaves resemble Jingjie (Schizonepetae Herba), and the seeds resemble Can Sha (Bombyx Batryticatus). Harvested at the end of autumn, dried in the shade for medicinal use. It specializes in promoting water passages and clearing heat from the Bladder. Frequent consumption benefits essence and strengthens Yin; long-term consumption brightens the eyes and sharpens hearing. Bathing with it eliminates skin pruritus and hot rashes; washing the eyes removes heat-induced dim vision, nyctalopia (night blindness), astringency, and pain. Crushing the leaves and extracting juice for oral administration also dissipates toxins from various malignant sores. For diarrhea, it separates turbidity and promotes leaching; for bloody dysentery, it drives out pathogenic factors.

Juemingzi (Cassiae Semen)

Taste: Salty, bitter, sweet. Nature: Neutral, slightly cold. Toxicity: Non-toxic. It grows abundantly in river valleys and marshes. The plant reaches several feet in height. The leaves are broad like Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and can be used as vegetables; the seeds are sharp and round like Mung beans and can be used in prescriptions. Harvested in winter and sun-dried; crushed before decoction. It is incompatible with Huomaren (Hemp Seed) and adverse to Shiren (Saposhnikoviae Radix) and Shishi (Astragali Complanati Semen). It clears Liver heat and harmonizes Liver Qi especially well; it stops tearing and relieves eye pain. It is indeed an immortal pill for brightening the eyes, hence the fine reputation of "Jueming" (Deciding Clarity). It also stops epistaxis; applying powder mixed with water urgently to the brain center (Baihui area) is effective. It further adds to longevity; taking honey-pilled pills on an empty stomach is beneficial. Treating Toufeng (head wind/headache) requires sleeping with a built-up pillow; reducing swelling and detoxifying can be done by applying water-mixed paste externally. It drives away headache and resolves snake venom.
Following the entry for Qingxiangzi (Celosiae Semen) in Volume II, Chen Jiamo notes: Reference should be made here.