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Bitter, sweet, and acrid in flavor; excessively hot in nature. Toxic. The brewing materials are not distinguished by grade; glutinous rice, millet, sorghum, and broomcorn millet can all be used for brewing. There are also many names (such as Chunjiu [pure wine], Qingjiu [clear wine], Baijiu [white liquor], Huangjiu [yellow wine], Laba Jiu [Laba Festival wine], Qingming Jiu [Qingming Festival wine], Lüdou Jiu [mung bean wine], and Gao'er Jiu [lamb wine]; such numerous names cannot be fully listed). Only those brewed with glutinous rice and wheat starter are considered superior, as they can guide medicinal substances into the meridians and accelerate the action of drugs most rapidly. Because it traverses various meridians without restriction, its efficacy is comparable to that of Fuzi (Aconite Lateral Root). The leaves differ in flavors—acrid, sweet, and bitter—and are used separately for treating the upper, middle, and lower jiao (sanjiao). Acrid flavors can disperse, circulating through the exterior of the whole body, reaching even the highest point of the head; sweet flavors can moderate and center; bitter flavors can descend; bland flavors directly promote urination and descend quickly. Consumed in moderation, it nourishes the Spleen and supports the Liver. It preserves complexion, enriches skin, unblocks blood vessels, and thickens the stomach and intestines. It wards off fog, dew, and miasma, and resists the cold of wind and snow. All evil influences are immediately driven away, and a hundred types of pathogenic factors are repelled. It dispels sorrow, stimulates interest, elevates spirit, and encourages frank speech. Although fine wine is often praised, it also bears the nickname "mad drug." If one drinks excessively to fuel fire, it will disturb mental nature and damage the body. It rots the stomach and corrupts the intestines, steams the sinews, and dissolves the marrow. It injures the spirit and reduces lifespan, causing significant harm. If used in medicinal brewing, its therapeutic indications differ. Ginger wine treats jue-ni (cold extremities) and ke-wu (alien invasion); Zi Jiu (purple wine, i.e., Doulin Jiu) regulates pian-feng (hemiplegia or facial paralysis). Congchi Jiu (scallion and fermented soybean wine) relieves irritability and heat while dispersing wind-cold; Sangshen Jiu (mulberry fruit wine) benefits the five zang organs to brighten the eyes and ears. Dog meat juice brewed into wine, consumed daily, greatly tonifies Yuan Yang (primordial yang); Grape meat soaked in wine, tasted occasionally, effectively resolves phlegm accumulation. Niuxi Gan Di Huang Jiu (Achyranthus and Rehmannia root wine) is even more excellent, gradually nourishing yin deficiency; Gouqi Xianlingpi Jiu (Cornus and Epimedium wine) is particularly good, specifically supporting impotence. Other community wines also have minor uses. Placing it in an infant's mouth can enable rapid speech; holding it in the mouth and spraying the four walls of a room can drive away mosquitoes and flies. Jiuzao (wine lees) applied to bruises promotes blood circulation and alleviates pain. It also expels snake venom and treats frostbite.

(Mo) Commentary: When great cold freezes the seas, only wine does not freeze. Due to its excessive heat nature, it stands alone among other substances. Danxi also stated: Wine generates heat within dampness, resembling Ministerial Fire, causing trembling and chills after intoxication. From this, we can understand that what appears as aversion to cold is not true cold but clearly a heat syndrome. Its nature prefers ascending, and its qi necessarily assists this upward movement. Phlegm obstructs the upper diaphragm, urination becomes difficult in the lower jiao, the Lung receives thief pathogens, the Metal element becomes severely dry, and indiscriminate drinking of cold liquids causes heat to stagnate internally. When the Lung Qi encounters this, it suffers great injury and depletion. Initially, the disease is superficial; symptoms may include vomiting, spontaneous sweating, sores and scabies, epistaxis, diarrhea and dysentery, or heart and spleen pain, which can still be dispersed and expelled. Over time, the disease deepens; conditions may include Xiao Ke (wasting-thirst), internal abscesses, Fei Wei (lung atrophy), hemorrhoids and fistulas, Gu Zhang (drum-like distension), Huang Dan (jaundice), blindness, asthma, Lao Sou (chronic cough due to consumption), hematemesis and epistaxis, epilepsy, and other difficult-to-treat diseases. Unless one possesses clear insight, treatment is not easy. Can one not be cautious?