苗蔓生，子则马兜零也。根扁，其嗅稍似葛根。细捣，水调，敷疔肿。后有马兜零
条。
三年以上，即有花自心中出，一茎只一花，全如莲花。叶亦相似，但其色微黄绿，从
下脱叶。花心但向上生，常如莲样，然未尝见其花心，剖而视之亦无蕊，悉是叶，但花头常
下垂。每一朵，自中夏开，直至中秋后方尽。凡三叶，开则三叶脱落。北地惜其种，人故少
用。缕其苗为布。取汁，妇人涂发令黑。余说如经。
今地丁也，四时常有花，花罢飞絮，絮中有子，落处即生。所以庭院间亦有者，盖
因风而来也。
不以多少，微炒一半，余一半生用，同为末，好酒调二钱，日三服，食后、夜卧，
各一服。治瘰 ，疮破者亦治。
大率与水红相似，但枝低尔，今造酒，取以水浸汁，和面作曲，亦假其辛味。
茎叶如青蒿，开淡红紫花，花大约径三四分。花罢，结角子，长二寸许，微弯。苗与
角治口齿绝胜。
今谓之燕麦，其苗与麦同，但穗细长而疏。唐刘梦得所谓“菟葵燕麦摇春风”者也。
苗不似姜，姜苗如苇梢。此物苗，每一大叶两边，小叶槎牙，两两相对，叶长有尖
瓣。余如经。
蔓生，附木而上。叶脱时，零尚垂之，其状如马项铃，故得名。然熟时则自拆，拆
间有子。全者，采时须八九月间。治肺气喘急。
The vines grow, and its fruit is Aristolochia debilis (Madouling, 马兜零). The root is flat, with a scent slightly resembling that of Puerariae Radix (Gegen, 葛根). When finely pounded and mixed with water for external application, it treats carbuncles and swellings. There is a separate section on Aristolochia debilis later.
After growing for more than three years, flowers emerge from the center of the plant; each stem bears only one flower, resembling a lotus in shape. The leaves are also similar, but slightly yellowish-green in color, and they shed from the bottom. The floral center grows upward, maintaining a lotus-like appearance, yet no stamens or pistils are ever seen; upon dissection, it consists entirely of leaf-like structures, though the flower head often droops downward. Each flower blooms from midsummer until after the Mid-Autumn Festival. Typically, there are three leaves, which shed when the flower opens. In northern regions, people cherish its seeds, so it is rarely used. Its stems and leaves can be processed into cloth. Its juice is applied by women to darken hair. Other descriptions align with canonical texts.
The current Dihua Dingcao (Diding, 地丁) has flowers year-round. After flowering, it produces fluffy seeds that take root wherever they land. Thus, it is found in courtyards, likely dispersed by wind.
Regardless of quantity, half is lightly stir-fried, while the other half is used raw. Both are ground into powder. Two qian (approx. 6g) are mixed with good wine and taken three times daily: once after meals and once before bed. It treats scrofula and is also effective for ulcerated sores.
It generally resembles Nymphoides peltata (Shuihong, 水红), but with lower branches. In modern winemaking, its water-infused juice is used with flour to make yeast, utilizing its pungent flavor.
The stems and leaves resemble Artemisia annua (Qinghao, 青蒿), producing pale red-purple flowers approximately 3-4 fen in diameter. After flowering, it forms horn-shaped pods about two cun long, slightly curved. The young shoots and pods are highly effective in treating dental diseases.
Currently known as Avena sativa (Yanmai, 燕麦), its seedlings resemble wheat, but the spikes are slender and sparse. This is the plant referred to by Liu Mengde of the Tang Dynasty as "Tukui and Yandao swaying in the spring wind."
The seedlings do not resemble ginger; ginger seedlings look like reed tips. The seedlings of this herb have small leaves serrated along both sides of each large leaf, arranged oppositely, with pointed petal-like extensions. Other details align with canonical texts.
It grows as a vine, climbing trees. When leaves fall, the Aristolochia debilis fruits remain hanging, shaped like horse bells, hence its name. However, ripe fruits split open naturally, releasing seeds. Whole fruits should be harvested between August and September. It treats pulmonary asthma and rapid breathing.