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Jingxiang, Jianghuai, Jinan, Heshan, and other regions all produce it. Its stem, flowers, leaves, and fruits all possess three edges, hence the name. Below the seedling is a tuber (Kui). Initially formed into lumps like Fuzi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata), they can also be flat. A single root runs horizontally from the side, connecting several tubers. Seedlings and leaves also sprout from these tubers. These tubers are all flat with long roots, yellowish-brown in skin color. After removing the roots and peel, they resemble crucian carp. Those with heavy weight are Jing Sanleng; those round and small like plums are Hei Sanleng; those hooked like claws are Jizhao Sanleng. Medical formularies also mention Shisanleng, which is bitter and sweet in taste, neutral in nature, warm in temperature, belonging to Yang within Yin. It enters the Foot-Jueyin Liver Meridian and also the Foot-Taiyin Spleen Meridian. When used with blood-invigorating herbs, it treats blood disorders; when used with qi-regulating herbs, it treats qi disorders. It mainly treats Lao Pi Zhengjia (chronic abdominal masses), accumulations and lump formations, breaks stagnant Qi, unblocks accumulated blood in the Liver Meridian, treats hard swelling sores, alleviates chest and diaphragm pain and indigestion, and addresses postpartum lochia retention and blood stasis in women. (From various Materia Medica) Sanleng is white and belongs to Metal, breaking Qi within Blood. Its treatment of accumulations and hard sores follows the principle of "scraping what is hard" (Jian Zhe Xiao Zhi). (Haogao's commentary) In the past, someone died of Zhengpi (abdominal masses). Before death, he instructed that his abdomen be opened for examination. A dry, stone-hard mass was found, with five-colored textures, later made into a knife handle. Because cutting Sanleng caused sudden abdominal distension due to Zhengpi. Using Sanleng and Pengzhu decocted in wine, black substances like fish were excreted, leading to recovery. Old symptoms and chronic accumulations are all caused by blood stasis, Qi stagnation, and food retention. This herb is bitter and pungent to drain and disperse, sweet to harmonize and enter the Spleen. Blood belongs to Yin and has form, thus treating all types of stagnation and accumulation. Xiangfu (Cyperi Rhizoma), Yanhusuo (Corydalis Rhizoma), Rougui (Cinnamomi Cortex), Muli (Ostreae Concha), Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma), Biejia (Trionycis Carapax) can eliminate all hard conditions and old accumulations. Combined with Siwu Tang (Four Substances Decoction) and Guizhi (Cinnamon Twig), it treats postpartum lochia retention and amenorrhea with abdominal pain intolerable to pressure. Combined with Qingpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride), Chenpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium), Sharen (Amomi Fructus), Roudoukou (Myristicae Semen), it treats Xinji (Heart Accumulation) starting from the umbilicus up to the heart, as large as an arm. Over time, it causes irritability, swelling of the body, thighs, and legs, pain around the umbilicus, with a deep and hollow pulse. Renshen, Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma), Fuling (Poria), Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma), Nongpu (Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex), Zhike (Aurantii Fructus Immaturus), Sanleng each in equal parts. Take 50 pills with rice water after meals. Sanleng Tang (Sanleng Decoction) treats Zhengjia, Pi, hardness, fullness, epigastric oppression, difficulty eating, and abdominal distension. Sanleng 2 liang, Baizhu 1 liang, Pengzhu (Curcumae Rhizoma), Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix) each 0.5 liang, Binglang (Arecae Semen), Muxiang (Aucklandiae Radix) each 7.5 qian. Grind into powder. Take 3 qian per dose, mixed with boiling water. Jiawei Siwu Tang (Modified Four Substances Decoction) treats female blood accumulation. Xiong (Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma), Gui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix), Shaoyao (Paeoniae Radix Alba), Dihuang (Rehmanniae Radix), Leng (Sanleng Rhizoma), Zhu (Baizhu Rhizoma), Guixin (Cinnamomi Ramulus), Ganqi (Drynariae Rhizoma stir-fried until smoke ceases) each in equal parts. Grind into coarse powder. Decoct and take 2 qian per dose. All three formulas combine tonifying herbs with Sanleng; this illustrates the principle of analogy.

[Discussion on Sanleng and Pengzhu] Pengzhu is black and belongs to Blood, able to break Blood within Qi. Sanleng is white and belongs to Qi, able to break Qi within Blood. What is called "Blood within Qi" refers to blood condensed by Qi. When Yang is trapped by Yin, general blood-breaking herbs are ineffective. Only Pengzhu, being Yin within Yang, can enter through Qi to break Blood, first opening Qi, then exerting its blood-breaking effect. (Thus it is also used with Qi herbs to disperse aromatic qualities and treat discontinuous Qi.) For regulating Qi, such as Huoluan cold Qi and heart/abdominal pain, it can still be used. As for "Qi within Blood," which is Qi obstructed by blood, Qi-breaking herbs can remove it. Sanleng is Yang within Yin, entering through Blood to break Qi, first resolving Blood... (Text fragmentary). Hard accumulations do not arise suddenly. Yin is the foundation of Yang. Whenever Sanleng is used, it not only damages Blood but also depletes True Qi; deficiency patterns must strictly avoid it. It can break tangible accumulations caused by external pathogens stagnating Qi and Blood, wrapped by food, phlegm, and saliva. However, if tangible accumulations result from long-term emotional constraint, one must skillfully use tonification and movement to strengthen the Spleen and Stomach. The Spleen and Stomach...

[Processing] To resolve accumulations, soak in vinegar for one day and stir-fry, or boil thoroughly and bake dry before use.